如何在DirectX12 & C++中渲染纹理？这个过程是什么？
如何在DirectX12 & C++中渲染纹理？这个过程是什么？
提问于 2021-05-15 16:31:54
我一直在努力弄清楚如何在DX12中将整个场景呈现为纹理。我知道如何在OpenGL中做到这一点，但我在DirectX12中找出了困难。另外，网上没有多少关于它是如何做到的资源。
(目前，我们在场景中使用了三维模型绘制，并应用了纹理)
有人能告诉我一些资源，我可以用这些资源来学习渲染目标和渲染到DX12中的纹理吗？或者有什么好网站？
任何帮助都是非常感谢的。
你好，查理
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2021-05-16 04:25:55
OpenGL更像Direct3D 11，其中Direct3D 12和Vulkan在设计/使用以及有效使用它们所需的图形知识水平上更加相似。因此，在进入Direct3D 12呈现之前，您可能会发现从Direct3D 11开始比较容易。概念和HLSL编程在11到12之间都是非常相似的，所以它可以是一个很好的起点。
对DirectX 12最需要了解的是，它使应用程序(即程序员)负责Direct3D 11运行时处理的许多方面: CPU/GPU同步、内存管理、资源调度等。DirectX 12的目的是为有经验的图形程序员提供更多的控制，从而能够在同样复杂的渲染过程中实现更高级别的CPU端性能。然而，对于刚接触过图形或DirectX的人来说，这种额外的控制和责任可能会让人不堪重负。在DX12中，编写“在我的机器上工作”但不会在其他人的机器上运行甚至崩溃的东西要容易得多。
提供了，一些从Direct3D 12开始的很好的资源：
- 这里为DirectX提供了一个新的“登陆页面”，为DirectX 12开发提供了许多有用的链接和资源：https://devblogs.microsoft.com/directx/landing-page/
- 由DirectX图形小组编写的官方DirectX 12示例位于DirectX-图形学-样本。
- 编写的公共示例位于Xbox样品。特别是，请参阅IntroGraphics示例，它提供了DX11和DX12两种形式的许多基本示例。
- DirectX工具包是一个开放源代码的C++库，它为Direct3D开发提供了帮助。有DirectX 11和DirectX 12两种版本。如果您首先学习DX 11版本，那么从那里迁移到DX 12非常简单，因为它在您学习新API时为您处理了许多“家务”任务。
关于DirectX 12中的“呈现到纹理”的问题，有一些特定的示例需要查看：
- SimpleMSAA确实渲染到纹理.
- 这个HDR渲染教程 for DirectX工具套件用于DX12确实呈现到纹理.
class RenderTexture
{
public:
RenderTexture(DXGI_FORMAT format) noexcept;
void SetDevice(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE srvDescriptor, D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE rtvDescriptor);
void SizeResources(size_t width, size_t height);
void ReleaseDevice() noexcept;
void TransitionTo(_In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* commandList, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES afterState);
void BeginScene(_In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* commandList)
{
TransitionTo(commandList, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET);
}
void EndScene(_In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* commandList)
{
TransitionTo(commandList, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE);
}
void SetClearColor(DirectX::FXMVECTOR color)
{
DirectX::XMStoreFloat4(reinterpret_cast<DirectX::XMFLOAT4*>(m_clearColor), color);
}
ID3D12Resource* GetResource() const noexcept { return m_resource.Get(); }
D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES GetCurrentState() const noexcept { return m_state; }
void SetWindow(const RECT& rect);
DXGI_FORMAT GetFormat() const noexcept { return m_format; }
private:
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Device> m_device;
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> m_resource;
D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES m_state;
D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE m_srvDescriptor;
D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE m_rtvDescriptor;
float m_clearColor[4];
DXGI_FORMAT m_format;
size_t m_width;
size_t m_height;
};RenderTexture::RenderTexture(DXGI_FORMAT format) noexcept :
m_state(D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON),
m_srvDescriptor{},
m_rtvDescriptor{},
m_clearColor{},
m_format(format),
m_width(0),
m_height(0)
{
}
void RenderTexture::SetDevice(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE srvDescriptor, D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE rtvDescriptor)
{
if (device == m_device.Get()
&& srvDescriptor.ptr == m_srvDescriptor.ptr
&& rtvDescriptor.ptr == m_rtvDescriptor.ptr)
return;
if (m_device)
{
ReleaseDevice();
}
{
D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_FORMAT_SUPPORT formatSupport = { m_format, D3D12_FORMAT_SUPPORT1_NONE, D3D12_FORMAT_SUPPORT2_NONE };
if (FAILED(device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_FORMAT_SUPPORT, &formatSupport, sizeof(formatSupport))))
{
throw std::runtime_error("CheckFeatureSupport");
}
UINT required = D3D12_FORMAT_SUPPORT1_TEXTURE2D | D3D12_FORMAT_SUPPORT1_RENDER_TARGET;
if ((formatSupport.Support1 & required) != required)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
char buff[128] = {};
sprintf_s(buff, "RenderTexture: Device does not support the requested format (%u)!\n", m_format);
OutputDebugStringA(buff);
#endif
throw std::runtime_error("RenderTexture");
}
}
if (!srvDescriptor.ptr || !rtvDescriptor.ptr)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Invalid descriptors");
}
m_device = device;
m_srvDescriptor = srvDescriptor;
m_rtvDescriptor = rtvDescriptor;
}
void RenderTexture::SizeResources(size_t width, size_t height)
{
if (width == m_width && height == m_height)
return;
if (m_width > UINT32_MAX || m_height > UINT32_MAX)
{
throw std::out_of_range("Invalid width/height");
}
if (!m_device)
return;
m_width = m_height = 0;
auto heapProperties = CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT);
D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC desc = CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Tex2D(m_format,
static_cast<UINT64>(width),
static_cast<UINT>(height),
1, 1, 1, 0, D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_ALLOW_RENDER_TARGET);
D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE clearValue = { m_format, {} };
memcpy(clearValue.Color, m_clearColor, sizeof(clearValue.Color));
m_state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;
// Create a render target
ThrowIfFailed(
m_device->CreateCommittedResource(&heapProperties, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_ALLOW_ALL_BUFFERS_AND_TEXTURES,
&desc,
m_state, &clearValue,
IID_GRAPHICS_PPV_ARGS(m_resource.ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()))
);
SetDebugObjectName(m_resource.Get(), L"RenderTexture RT");
// Create RTV.
m_device->CreateRenderTargetView(m_resource.Get(), nullptr, m_rtvDescriptor);
// Create SRV.
m_device->CreateShaderResourceView(m_resource.Get(), nullptr, m_srvDescriptor);
m_width = width;
m_height = height;
}
void RenderTexture::ReleaseDevice() noexcept
{
m_resource.Reset();
m_device.Reset();
m_state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON;
m_width = m_height = 0;
m_srvDescriptor.ptr = m_rtvDescriptor.ptr = 0;
}
void RenderTexture::TransitionTo(_In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* commandList, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES afterState)
{
TransitionResource(commandList, m_resource.Get(), m_state, afterState);
m_state = afterState;
}
void RenderTexture::SetWindow(const RECT& output)
{
// Determine the render target size in pixels.
auto width = size_t(std::max<LONG>(output.right - output.left, 1));
auto height = size_t(std::max<LONG>(output.bottom - output.top, 1));
SizeResources(width, height);
}你会像这样使用它：
// Setup
m_scene = std::make_unique<DX::RenderTexture>( /* format that matches your resource and your Pipeline State Objects you will use to render */ );
m_scene->SetClearColor( /* color value you use to clear */ );
m_scene->SetDevice(m_device,
/* CPU descriptor handle for your scene as a SRV texture */,
/* CPU descriptor handle for your scene as a RTV texture */);
m_scene->SetWindow( /* provide viewport size for your render texture */ );// Reset command list and allocator.
// Transition the backbuffer target into the correct state to allow for
// Clear the render texture
CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE rtvDescriptor(
/* CPU descriptor handle for your scene as a RTV texture */
static_cast<INT>(m_backBufferIndex), m_rtvDescriptorSize);
CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE dsvDescriptor(m_dsvDescriptorHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart());
m_commandList->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &rtvDescriptor, FALSE, &dsvDescriptor);
m_commandList->ClearRenderTargetView(rtvDescriptor, /* clear color */, 0, nullptr);
m_commandList->ClearDepthStencilView(dsvDescriptor, D3D12_CLEAR_FLAG_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0, 0, nullptr);
// Set the viewport and scissor rect.
D3D12_VIEWPORT viewport = { 0.0f, 0.0f, /* width/height of your render texture */, D3D12_MIN_DEPTH, D3D12_MAX_DEPTH };
D3D12_RECT scissorRect = { 0, 0, /* width/height of your render texture */ };
m_commandList->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
m_commandList->RSSetScissorRects(1, &scissorRect);
// Tell helper we are starting the render
m_scene->BeginScene(m_commandList);
/* Do rendering to m_commandList */
m_scene->EndScene(m_commandList);在这里，我们已经安排了转换来呈现目标资源状态，填充了所有的绘图调用，然后将一个屏障插入到像素着色器资源状态。此时，您可以使用渲染纹理的SRV的描述符句柄来渲染。与所有DirectX 12一样，在实际关闭命令列表并将其提交以供执行之前，不会发生任何事情。
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67548981
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