boost的program_options
库现在支座 boost::可选,同样可以在std::optional
上完成吗?
我试图同时修改文档示例和PR中的代码,但两者似乎都不起作用。
例如,对于整数非常简单的情况(在尝试模板专门化之前):
void validate(boost::any& v, const std::vector<std::string>& values, std::optional<int>* target_type,
int) {
using namespace boost::program_options;
validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
const string& s = validators::get_single_string(values);
int n = lexical_cast<int>(s);
v = any(std::make_optional<int>(n));
}
目标类型不能istream
的错误导致失败:
external/boost/boost/lexical_cast/detail/converter_lexical.hpp:243:13:
error: static_assert failed due to requirement
'has_right_shift<std::__1::basic_istream<char>, std::__1::optional<int>, boost::binary_op_detail::dont_care>::value || boost::has_right_shift<std::__1::basic_istream<wchar_t>, std::__1::optional<int>, boost::binary_op_detail::dont_care>::value'
"Target type is neither std::istream`able nor std::wistream`able"
发布于 2021-03-09 14:14:11
像validate
(以及operator>>
)这样的东西的问题通常是ADL1。
您需要在一个关联的命名空间中声明重载。在本例中,由于int
是一个基本类型,因此唯一关联的命名空间来自库代码:
std
for optional
,vector
,string
,allocator
,char_traits
(是的,这些都算数!)boost
for any
您不希望在这些命名空间中添加代码,因为当库实现细节发生变化时,您可能会干扰库函数或导致将来的破坏。
如果你不得不选择,你宁愿在这里选择boost
,因为
validate
空闲函数被显式设计为自定义点。Sidenote:密切关注
tag_invoke
--在库中构建定制点的更好方法
修正
在所有这些语句之后,解决方案非常简单:
namespace boost::{
void validate(boost::any& v, const std::vector<std::string>& values,
std::optional<int>*, int) {
using namespace boost::program_options;
validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
const std::string& s = validators::get_single_string(values);
int n = boost::lexical_cast<int>(s);
v = boost::any(std::make_optional<int>(n));
}
} // namespace boost
添加两行使其工作:在Wandbox上直播。
其他说明:
operator>>
的“解决方案”一般不那么纯粹,因为- it has a potential to "infect" all other code with ADL-visible overloads that might interfere. Way more code uses `operator>>` than boost's `validate` function
- it thereby invites [UB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undefined_behavior) due to [ODR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Definition_Rule) violations, when another translation unit, potentially legitimely, defines another `operator>>` for the same arguments.
vm.contains
来代替稍微滥用的vm.count
。列表
#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
#include <optional>
#include <iostream>
namespace po = boost::program_options;
namespace boost {
void validate(boost::any& v, const std::vector<std::string>& values,
std::optional<int>*, int) {
using namespace boost::program_options;
validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
const std::string& s = validators::get_single_string(values);
int n = boost::lexical_cast<int>(s);
v = boost::any(std::make_optional<int>(n));
}
} // namespace boost
int main(int ac, char* av[]) {
try {
using Value = std::optional<int>;
po::options_description desc("Allowed options");
desc.add_options()
("help", "produce help message")
("value", po::value<Value>()->default_value(10, "10"),
"value")
;
po::variables_map vm;
po::store(po::parse_command_line(ac, av, desc), vm);
po::notify(vm);
if (vm.contains("value")) {
std::cout << "value is " << vm["value"].as<Value>().value() << "\n";
}
} catch (std::exception& e) {
std::cout << e.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
}
奖金
作为一个附加的练习,让我们演示一下,如果您的可选value_type不是,不是,而是在名称空间MyLib
中声明的库类型,那么我们就没有上面提到的大部分权衡:
namespace MyLib {
template <typename T> struct MyValue {
MyValue(T v = {}) : value(std::move(v)) {}
private:
T value;
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, MyValue& mv) {
return is >> mv.value;
}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, MyValue const& mv) {
return os << mv.value;
}
};
现在,您可以为MyLib命名空间中的任何类型提供通用验证器,无论它是可选的还是非可选的,并让ADL通过您的MyLib
命名空间找到它们:
template <typename T, typename Values>
void validate(boost::any& v, Values const& values, T*, int) {
po::validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
v = boost::lexical_cast<T>(
po::validators::get_single_string(values));
}
template <typename T, typename Values>
void validate(boost::any& v, Values const& values, std::optional<T>*, int) {
po::validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
v = std::make_optional(
boost::lexical_cast<T>(
po::validators::get_single_string(values)));
}
} // namespace MyLib
请参阅现场演示
#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
namespace po = boost::program_options;
namespace MyLib {
template <typename T> struct MyValue {
MyValue(T v = {}) : value(std::move(v)) {}
private:
T value;
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, MyValue& mv) {
return is >> std::boolalpha >> mv.value;
}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, MyValue const& mv) {
return os << std::boolalpha << mv.value;
}
};
// Provide generic validators for any types in your MyLib namespace, be it
// optional or not
template <typename T, typename Values>
void validate(boost::any& v, Values const& values, T*, int) {
po::validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
v = boost::lexical_cast<T>(
po::validators::get_single_string(values));
}
template <typename T, typename Values>
void validate(boost::any& v, Values const& values, std::optional<T>*, int) {
po::validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
v = std::make_optional(
boost::lexical_cast<T>(
po::validators::get_single_string(values)));
}
} // namespace MyLib
int main(int ac, char* av[]) {
try {
using Int = MyLib::MyValue<int>;
using OptInt = std::optional<MyLib::MyValue<int>>;
using OptStr = std::optional<MyLib::MyValue<std::string> >;
po::options_description desc("Allowed options");
desc.add_options()
("ival", po::value<Int>()->default_value(Int{10}),
"integer value")
("opti", po::value<OptInt>()->default_value(OptInt{}, "(nullopt)"),
"optional integer value")
("sval", po::value<OptStr>()->default_value(OptStr{"secret"}, "'secret'"),
"optional string value")
;
po::variables_map vm;
po::store(po::parse_command_line(ac, av, desc), vm);
po::notify(vm);
std::cout << "Options: " << desc << "\n";
if (vm.contains("ival")) {
std::cout << "ival is " << vm["ival"].as<Int>() << "\n";
}
if (vm.contains("opti")) {
if (auto& v = vm["opti"].as<OptInt>())
std::cout << "opti is " << v.value() << "\n";
else
std::cout << "opti is nullopt\n";
}
if (vm.contains("sval")) {
if (auto& v = vm["sval"].as<OptStr>())
std::cout << "sval is " << v.value() << "\n";
else
std::cout << "sval is nullopt\n";
}
} catch (std::exception& e) {
std::cout << e.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
}
对于./a.out --ival=42 --sval=LtUaE
打印:
Options: Allowed options:
--ival arg (=10) integer value
--opti arg (=(nullopt)) optional integer value
--sval arg (='secret') optional string value
ival is 42
opti is nullopt
sval is LtUaE
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66539770
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