@ SpringBoot中的MockBean注释不起作用
@ SpringBoot中的MockBean注释不起作用
提问于 2021-01-12 23:12:27
我试图使用@MockBean注释来模拟服务，但我得到了以下错误：
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:无法注入字段: FooService FooTest.fooService；嵌套异常是java.lang.IllegalStateException: FooService fooService不能具有现有值
下面是我尝试使用的代码示例：
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import FooService;
@RunWith (SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class FooTest {
@Autowired
FooService fooService;
@MockBean
BarService barService;
@Test
public void testMethod() throws Exception {
Mockito.doThrow(new ExceptionClass()).when(barService).externalWebSerivceCall();
//Verify @Retryable is calling 3 times
}
}
class FooService {
@Autowired
BarService barService;
@Retryable (value = ExceptionClass.class, maxAttempts = 3, backoff = @Backoff (delay = 3 * 60 * 1000))
public void methodThatFails() {
barService.externalWebSerivceCall();
}
}知道我能怎么解决吗？
下面是整个堆栈跟踪：
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not inject field: FooService FooTest.fooService; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: The field FooService FooTest.fooService cannot have an existing value
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.inject(MockitoPostProcessor.java:364)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.inject(MockitoPostProcessor.java:352)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.lambda$injectFields$0(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.postProcessFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:100)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.injectFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:54)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:220)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:53)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: The field FooService FooTest.fooService cannot have an existing value
at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:97)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.inject(MockitoPostProcessor.java:358)
... 27 more回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2021-01-13 00:51:41
我注意到您的服务类上没有@Service注释。@MockBean可能无法工作的原因之一是如果您不将类标记为@Service或@Component。
如果不是这样的话，我不清楚为什么@MockBean注释不适合您，但是根据您想要测试的内容，您可能希望只在@TestConfiguration方法中使用@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)和服务的@Autowired，而不是在类中使用@SpringBootTest。这肯定有效，并将允许您测试服务层。
下面是我根据这文章测试的一个示例，该文章说：
要检查Service类，我们需要创建一个Service类的实例，并将其作为@Bean使用，这样我们就可以在我们的测试类中@Autowire了。我们可以使用@TestConfiguration注释来实现这个配置。 在组件扫描期间，我们可能会发现，只为特定测试创建的组件或配置在任何地方都会意外地被拾取。为了防止这种情况，Spring提供了@TestConfiguration注释，我们可以在src/test/java中的类上添加这个注释，以指示不应该通过扫描来获取它们。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest//good for working with JPA Components
// @SpringBootTest
class Tests {
@TestConfiguration //tell spring that this configuration is only for testing environment
static class UserDetailsServiceImplTextContext {
@Bean //needed for creating instance for test autowiring
public UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsServiceImpl() {
return new UserDetailsServiceImpl();
}
}
@Autowired
private UserDetailsServiceImpl userServices;
@Autowired
TestEntityManager entityManager;
@Test
@DisplayName("Context Loads")
void contextLoads() {
}
@Test
@DisplayName("Create User")
void createUser() {
//given
String a = "testUser";
String email = "testUser@test.com";
String username = a;
String firstname = a;
String lastname = a;
String password = a;
String userType = "USER";
User u = new User(email, username, firstname, lastname, password, userType);
//when
entityManager.persist(u);
entityManager.flush();
//then
User u2 = userServices.getUserRepo().findByUsername(username);
//expect
assertEquals(u, u2);
}
}另外，这篇文章中关于这个主题的另一节可能会有所帮助。这是一个使用@SpringBootTest的替代示例，显示了所涉及的附加配置。
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65693420
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