为什么有些R包不能安装
我使用R已经有一段时间了，在安装软件包时一切都是正常的。最近，我将我的Ubuntu 16.04上的R从3.4.4升级到4.0.2，然后尝试将包imputeTS安装为
> install.packages("imputeTS")
Installing package into ‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies ‘png’, ‘gridtext’, ‘ggtext’
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/png_0.1-7.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 24990 bytes (24 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 24 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/gridtext_0.1.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 441462 bytes (431 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 431 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/ggtext_0.1.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1849875 bytes (1.8 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 1.8 MB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/imputeTS_3.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3015320 bytes (2.9 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 2.9 MB
* installing *source* package ‘png’ ...
** package ‘png’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
gcc -std=gnu99 -I"/usr/share/R/include" -DNDEBUG `libpng-config --cflags` -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c read.c -o read.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I"/usr/share/R/include" -DNDEBUG `libpng-config --cflags` -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c write.c -o write.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -shared -L/usr/lib/R/lib -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -o png.so read.o write.o -L/home/.../anaconda/lib -lpng16 -lm -lz -lm -L/usr/lib/R/lib -lR
installing to /home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/00LOCK-png/00new/png/libs
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘png’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
unable to load shared object '/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/00LOCK-png/00new/png/libs/png.so':
libpng16.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Error: loading failed
Execution halted
ERROR: loading failed
* removing ‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/png’
ERROR: dependency ‘png’ is not available for package ‘gridtext’
* removing ‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/gridtext’
ERROR: dependency ‘gridtext’ is not available for package ‘ggtext’
* removing ‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/ggtext’
ERROR: dependency ‘ggtext’ is not available for package ‘imputeTS’
* removing ‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/imputeTS’
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/tmp/RtmpZubgYt/downloaded_packages’
Warning messages:
1: In install.packages("imputeTS") :
installation of package ‘png’ had non-zero exit status
2: In install.packages("imputeTS") :
installation of package ‘gridtext’ had non-zero exit status
3: In install.packages("imputeTS") :
installation of package ‘ggtext’ had non-zero exit status
4: In install.packages("imputeTS") :
installation of package ‘imputeTS’ had non-zero exit status然后
> library(imputeTS)
Error in library(imputeTS) : there is no package called ‘imputeTS’我试图安装与install.packages("imputeTS", dependencies = TRUE)相同的软件包，但这给了我相同的结果-- installation of package ‘imputeTS’ had non-zero exit status
接下来，我尝试安装软件包Hmisc和mice。同样的结果也适用于成功安装mice的第一个包！
还有两条评论，第一条是这个声明(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)在升级后才开始出现。第二，我不确定是否相关，是我的linux上没有空间！
那么，如何成功地安装所需的软件包呢？
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2020-10-02 03:34:30
总结一下，人们可以更好地找到评论中给出的正确答案，并更好地理解错误信息。
这不是与imputeTS 包特别相关的问题.
这可以在错误消息的这一部分中看到。
'/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/00LOCK-png/00new/png/libs/png.so'：错误：
(文件，DLLpath = DLLpath，.)中的“png”包或命名空间加载失败:无法加载共享对象( libpng16.so.16:无法打开共享对象文件:没有这样的文件或目录)
此错误实际上发生在试图安装png包时。
这与imputeTS包有什么关系？
你可以在这里看到：
错误:加载失败
删除‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/png’错误的
- ：依赖“png”不可用于包‘gridtext’
- removing‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/gridtext’错误:依赖“网格文本”不能用于包‘ggtext’
- removing‘/home/./R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-库/4.0/ggtext‘错误:依赖关系’ggtext‘对于包‘imputeTS’
- removing‘/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/imputeTS’
不可用
R包相互构建，并导入其他包的函数。在本例中，imputeTS导入ggtext，后者导入网格文本，后者导入png。
因此，依赖项的顺序相当大，如果png安装失败，则会影响所有其他包。
幸运的是，错误消息的这一部分也给出了提示，什么可能是错误的：
无法加载共享对象的'/home/.../R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.0/00LOCK-png/00new/png/libs/png.so'：libpng16.so.16:无法打开共享对象文件:没有这样的文件或目录
缺少png包本身所依赖的库。如果没有这个库，png的安装就会失败，并导致上述所有问题。
所以，只需像这样安装库：
sudo apt-get install libpng16-16https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64007769
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