在每条新行上分割线并保留起始和结束
在每条新行上分割线并保留起始和结束
提问于 2020-07-09 09:00:40
我有一个多行的.txt，如下所示：
> X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1),EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|516|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185081.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|537|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185075.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|586|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185082.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|611|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185076.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|632|FMR1||CODING|NM_002024.5|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
> X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1),EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|516|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185081.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|537|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185075.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|586|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185082.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|611|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185076.1|5|1),NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|632|FMR1||CODING|NM_002024.5|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0每个字段都是制表符分隔的，第四个字段包含由逗号分隔的多个信息。我知道我可以和tr , '\n'一起分享：
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1)
EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|516|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185081.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|537|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185075.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|586|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185082.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|611|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185076.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|632|FMR1||CODING|NM_002024.5|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1)
EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|516|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185081.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|537|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185075.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|586|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185082.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|611|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185076.1|5|1)
NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|632|FMR1||CODING|NM_002024.5|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0但我想要的是：
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|516|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185081.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|537|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185075.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|586|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185082.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|611|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185076.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|632|FMR1||CODING|NM_002024.5|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|516|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185081.1|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|537|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185075.1|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|586|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185082.1|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|611|FMR1||CODING|NM_001185076.1|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP NON_SYNONYMOUS_CODING(MODERATE|MISSENSE|aaA/aaC|K119N|632|FMR1||CODING|NM_002024.5|5|1) NA NA 13829.p1 A/A 46 A/A 83 A/C 17 A/C 0请注意，这条线的开头(X 147010263，它的染色体位置)也可能不同，例如3 41278119，4 114275304
我怎样才能做到这一点？
谢谢！
回答 2
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2020-07-09 09:41:18
纯bash的解决方案可以是：
#!/bin/bash
while IFS=$'\t' read -r f1 f2 f3 f4 rest; do
IFS=, read -r -a items <<< "$f4"
for item in "${items[@]}"; do
printf "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n" "$f1" "$f2" "$f3" "$item" "$rest"
done
done < input.txt解释：
外部while循环读取行，直到遇到文件结束为止。IFS=$'\t'指示read内置字符使用选项卡字符作为正在处理的行的字段分隔符。前四个字段分别分配给变量f1、f2、f3和f4。剩余的字段和中间的制表符字符(如果有的话)分配给变量rest (在这里，变量名不是特殊的)。任何有效名称都可以使用)。-r选项用于read内置，因此反斜杠不充当转义字符。
在while循环的主体中，read内置器读取变量f4的内容，该变量存储正在处理的行的第四个字段，将其拆分为使用,作为分隔符的字段，并将字段分配给数组items的顺序索引(由-a选项指示)。构造command <<< string称为here string (在Bash参考手册中读取这里的Strings )。
内部for循环(有时称为-每个循环)依次处理数组items的每个元素。"${items[@]}"将数组items的每个元素扩展到一个单独的字段，并且按顺序将字段分配给变量item。printf内置与C标准库类似。
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2020-07-09 10:19:48
使用awk。请注意，行的开头--X 147010263 --我假设记录不像样本数据所显示的那样以>开头。
$ awk '
BEGIN {
FS=OFS="\t" # tab-delimitied
}
{
n=split($4,a,/,/) # split the 4th by commas
for(i=1;i<=n;i++) # for all comps of 4th
for(j=1;j<=NF;j++) # and all fields
printf "%s%s",(j==4?a[i]:$j),(j==NF?ORS:OFS) # output
}' file输出的开始：
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033699.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
X 147010263 SNP EXON(MODIFIER|||||FMR1||CODING|NR_033700.1|5|1) NA 11161.p1 NA A/A 77 A/A 87 A/C 97 A/C 0
...页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62811195
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