如何将个人与个人的组合联系起来？
我有一个包含植物和疾病的本体和一个属性treat (植物treat的疾病)。我有很多植物和疾病，但现在我想增加一种可以通过两种或更多种植物联合治疗的疾病。例如，我如何表示以下句子？
X病可由植物A和植物B联合治疗，但不能仅靠植物A或植物B治疗。
我一直在考虑用推理机来获得这个，但我不知道怎么做到的。
回答 2
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2013-06-23 20:25:33
听起来，目前您有一个带有类Disease和Plant的本体，以及一个带有域Plant和range Disease的属性treats。据我所知，问题在于，应该处理某些Disease的不是单独的Plant，而是它们的组合。在这种情况下，我们可以说，植物是用来治疗一种疾病，但本身并不是治疗疾病。如果一种植物本身治疗一种疾病，那么它也被用于治疗一种疾病，这可能也是合理的。
那么，您有一组以前没有考虑过的个体，即植物的组合，那么为什么不引入一个类PlantCombination和一个属性hasComponent，将PlantCombination与组合中的植物联系起来呢？您还可以添加一个限制，即每个植物组合至少有两个植物，如果您愿意的话，用PlantCombination SubClassOf hasComponent min 2 Plant来表示。因为Plant和PlantCombination都可以处理Disease，所以您需要将treats的域更改为Plant or PlantCombination。为了确保推理者能够推断出如果plant82 treats disease92那么plant82 isUsedToTreat disease92，您可以断言该treats SubPropertyOf isUsedToTreat。(这也意味着治疗疾病的植物组合也被用于治疗这种疾病。)为了确保与组件plant23的组合用于治疗疾病，plant23用于治疗疾病，您可以添加断言inverse(hasComponent) o treats SubPropertyOf isUsedToTreat。这里有一个本体论，它就是这样做的：
N3格式
@prefix : <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases>
a owl:Ontology .
:Plant
a owl:Class .
:Disease
a owl:Class .
:PlantCombination
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:minQualifiedCardinality
"2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onClass :Plant ;
owl:onProperty :hasComponent
] .
:hasComponent
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :PlantCombination ;
rdfs:range :Plant .
:isUsedToTreat
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment "X isUsedToTreat Y means that X is used in the treatment of Y. X may either treat Y, or may be a component of a combination that treats Y." ;
rdfs:domain
[ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf (:Plant :PlantCombination)
] ;
rdfs:range :Disease ;
owl:propertyChainAxiom
([ owl:inverseOf :hasComponent
] :treats) .
:treats
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment "X treats Y means that X is a sufficient treatment for Y." ;
rdfs:domain
[ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf (:Plant :PlantCombination)
] ;
rdfs:range :Disease ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :isUsedToTreat .OWL功能语法
Prefix(xsd:=<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>)
Prefix(owl:=<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>)
Prefix(xml:=<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>)
Prefix(rdf:=<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>)
Prefix(rdfs:=<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>)
Ontology(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases>
Declaration(Class(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Disease>))
Declaration(Class(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Plant>))
Declaration(Class(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#PlantCombination>))
SubClassOf(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#PlantCombination> ObjectMinCardinality(2 <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#hasComponent> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Plant>))
Declaration(ObjectProperty(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#hasComponent>))
ObjectPropertyDomain(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#hasComponent> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#PlantCombination>)
ObjectPropertyRange(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#hasComponent> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Plant>)
Declaration(ObjectProperty(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#isUsedToTreat>))
AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:comment <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#isUsedToTreat> "X isUsedToTreat Y means that X is used in the treatment of Y. X may either treat Y, or may be a component of a combination that treats Y.")
ObjectPropertyDomain(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#isUsedToTreat> ObjectUnionOf(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#PlantCombination> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Plant>))
ObjectPropertyRange(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#isUsedToTreat> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Disease>)
Declaration(ObjectProperty(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#treats>))
AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:comment <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#treats> "X treats Y means that X is a sufficient treatment for Y.")
SubObjectPropertyOf(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#treats> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#isUsedToTreat>)
ObjectPropertyDomain(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#treats> ObjectUnionOf(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#PlantCombination> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Plant>))
ObjectPropertyRange(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#treats> <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#Disease>)
SubObjectPropertyOf(ObjectPropertyChain(ObjectInverseOf(<http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#hasComponent>) <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#treats>) <http://www.example.org/plantsAndDiseases#isUsedToTreat>)
)Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2013-06-23 21:09:23
替代Joshua's answer：您可以将疾病和植物表示为OWL类，因为这里引用的是一组植物(不是特定的实例，您可以在自然界中找到这些实例)。然后，您可以使用存在限制(some -生物学中的常见模式)链接类。
你还需要在你的模型中引入一个补充步骤，就像前面提到的:植物可以是治疗的成分，疾病可以通过治疗来治疗。
然后，如果考虑以下注释(#)本体(曼彻斯特语法)，我将描述建模的公理。您可以保存该文件并使用Protege打开它。
Prefix: xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
Prefix: owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
Prefix: : <http://www.example.org/demo.owl#>
Prefix: xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
Prefix: rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
Prefix: rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
Ontology: <http://www.example.org/demo.owl>
ObjectProperty: has-ingredient
ObjectProperty: treatableBy
Class: owl:Thing
Class: PlantA
SubClassOf:
Plant
Class: Treatment
#Your treatment obtained by mixing some
#of the plant B and some of the plant A
Class: TreatmentAB
SubClassOf:
Treatment,
(has-ingredient some PlantA)
and (has-ingredient some PlantB)
Class: PlantB
SubClassOf:
Plant
#This treatment has ingredient the plant A
Class: TreatmentA
SubClassOf:
has-ingredient some PlantA,
Treatment
#This treatment is made from plant B (among other things)
Class: TreatmentB
SubClassOf:
Treatment,
has-ingredient some PlantB
Class: Disease
Class: Plant
# This disease is treatable by the TreatmentAB
Class: DiseaseA
SubClassOf:
treatableBy some TreatmentAB,
Disease
Class: DiseaseB
SubClassOf:
treatableBy some TreatmentB,
Disease现在，如果我们对本体进行推理，并请求treatableBy some TreatmentA的子类，那么我们就不会得到任何类。表达式treatableBy some TreatmentAB按预期返回DiseaseA。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17262359
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