blocks|key|3023105|text|也要统一|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3023106|(+a)+apple.py应该在带有init的apple文件夹中低一级，或者|offset|length|style|CODE|3023107|(+b)+grape.py应该更高一级，而不是在自己的grape文件夹中。|3023108|然后，您的导入将是from+ican.haz.apple+import+Apple和from+ican.haz.grape+import+Grape+(用于选项a)；或from+ican.haz+import+apple,+grape+(用于选项b)。|3023109|要获得所需的结构，请使用选项b并修改haz下的init。|BOLD|3023110|haz/__init__.py|3023111|from+.apple+import+Apple
from+.grape+import+Grape

__all__+=+['Apple',+'Grape']|code-block|syntax|javascript|3023112|并将其导入为import+ican.haz.*+(不过，它被认为是糟糕的风格)。而且它正在对模块和类名~(不再是自类名更正后)进行破坏。最好在下面的一行中加上选项a或b。|3023113|顺便说一句，按照您目前的结构，进口产品需要：|3023114|from+ican.haz+import+apple
from+ican.haz.grape+import+Grape

a+=+apple.Apple()
g+=+Grape()|3023115|entityMap^0|0|5|8|I|4|N|5|0|5|8|R|5|0|9|W|16|W|2C|X|0|E|1|I|3|N|4|0|0|F|0|0|6|H|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|14|8|@$D|15|E|16|F|G]|$D|17|E|18|F|G]|$D|19|E|1A|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1B|8|@$D|1C|E|1D|F|G]|$D|1E|E|1F|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1G|8|@$D|1H|E|1I|F|G]|$D|1J|E|1K|F|G]|$D|1L|E|1M|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1N|8|@$D|1O|E|1P|F|N]|$D|1Q|E|1R|F|G]|$D|1S|E|1T|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1U|8|@$D|1V|E|1W|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|S|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$T|U]]|$1|V|3|W|5|6|7|1Y|8|@$D|1Z|E|20|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|6|7|21|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|S|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|A|$T|U]]|$1|11|3|-4|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|12|$]]

To be uniform, either

a) <code>apple.py</code> should be one level lower in an <code>apple</code> folder with an <code>init</code>, or

b) <code>grape.py</code> should be one level higher and not in its own <code>grape</code> folder.

Then your import will be <code>from ican.haz.apple import Apple</code> and <code>from ican.haz.grape import Grape</code> (for option a); or <code>from ican.haz import apple, grape</code> (for option b).

To get the structure you want, go with option b and modify the <code>init</code> under <code>haz</code>.

<code>haz/__init__.py</code>:

<pre><code>from .apple import Apple
from .grape import Grape

__all__ = ['Apple', 'Grape']
</code></pre>

And you would import it as <code>import ican.haz.*</code> (considered bad style though). And it is ~mangling the module vs class name~ (not any more since class names corrected). Better to use one of the lines below with option a or b.

Btw, the imports according to your current structure would need to be:

<pre><code>from ican.haz import apple
from ican.haz.grape import Grape

a = apple.Apple()
g = Grape()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3023155|text|你混淆了两个概念。python“模块”是一个包含可以导入的python代码的文件。python“类”是可以在模块中定义的东西。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3023156|在您的示例中，apple和grape是模块。您不能通过执行像apple()这样的操作来调用模块，这是不允许的。您需要导入模块中包含的类。|offset|length|style|CODE|3023157|因此，假设apple.py在其中定义了一个GetApple类。所以apple.py看起来是这样的：|3023158|class+GetApple(object):
++++def+__init__(self):
++++++++print("I+have+an+apple!")|code-block|syntax|javascript|3023159|模块也可以有函数，因此您可以使用GetApple函数来代替：|3023160|def+GetApple():
++++print("I+have+an+apple!")|3023161|模块也可以有变量。它们可以有任意数量的变量、类和函数。您可以单独导入它们(例如使用from+apple+import+GetApple+)，也可以导入模块并从模块import+apple访问它们。但是您不能导入然后调用一个模块(至少不能以任何合理的方式)，只能导入它中的函数或类。|3023162|对于您的目录结构，可以使用以下任何一种方法运行它：|3023163|>>>+from+ican.haz.apple+import+GetApple
>>>+GetApple()
I+have+an+apple!

>>>+from+ican.haz+import+apple
>>>+apple.GetApple()
I+have+an+apple!

>>>+import+ican.haz.apple
>>>+ican.haz.apple.GetApple()
I+have+an+apple!|3023164|而且，取决于您的__init__.py文件，可能还会：|3023165|>>>+import+ican.haz
>>>+ican.haz.apple.GetApple()
I+have+an+apple!

>>>+import+ican
>>>+ican.haz.apple.GetApple()
I+have+an+apple!|3023166|对于grape.py，假设有一个相应的类，这类事情可以工作：|3023167|>>>+from+ican.haz.grape.grape+import+GetGrape
>>>+GetGrape()
I+have+a+grape!|3023168|entityMap^0|0|7|5|D|5|U|7|0|5|8|L|8|X|8|0|0|G|8|0|0|15|Q|29|C|0|0|0|8|B|0|0|2|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|19|8|@$D|1A|E|1B|F|G]|$D|1C|E|1D|F|G]|$D|1E|E|1F|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1G|8|@$D|1H|E|1I|F|G]|$D|1J|E|1K|F|G]|$D|1L|E|1M|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|L|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1O|8|@$D|1P|E|1Q|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|L|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1S|8|@$D|1T|E|1U|F|G]|$D|1V|E|1W|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|L|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|1Z|8|@$D|20|E|21|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|L|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|23|8|@$D|24|E|25|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|L|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|17|$]]

You are confusing two concepts. A python "module" is a file containing python code that can be imported. A python "class" is something that can be defined in a module.

In your example, <code>apple</code> and <code>grape</code> are modules. You cannot calls a module by doing something like <code>apple()</code>, it isn't allowed. You would need to import the class contained in the module.

So say <code>apple.py</code> had a <code>GetApple</code> class defined in it. So <code>apple.py</code> looked like this:

<pre><code>class GetApple(object):
 def __init__(self):
 print("I have an apple!")
</code></pre>

Modules can also have functions, so you could have a <code>GetApple</code> function instead:

<pre><code>def GetApple():
 print("I have an apple!")
</code></pre>

Modules can also have variables. They can have any number of variables, classes, and functions. You can either import them individually (such as with <code>from apple import GetApple</code>, or import the module and access them from the module <code>import apple</code>. But you cannot import and then call a module (at least not in any reasonable way), only the functions or and classes inside it.

For your directory structure, you could then run it using any of these approaches:

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from ican.haz.apple import GetApple
&gt;&gt;&gt; GetApple()
I have an apple!

&gt;&gt;&gt; from ican.haz import apple
&gt;&gt;&gt; apple.GetApple()
I have an apple!

&gt;&gt;&gt; import ican.haz.apple
&gt;&gt;&gt; ican.haz.apple.GetApple()
I have an apple!
</code></pre>

And, depending on your <code>__init__.py</code> files, possibly also:

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import ican.haz
&gt;&gt;&gt; ican.haz.apple.GetApple()
I have an apple!

&gt;&gt;&gt; import ican
&gt;&gt;&gt; ican.haz.apple.GetApple()
I have an apple!
</code></pre>

For <code>grape.py</code>, assuming a corresponding class, this sort of thing would work:

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from ican.haz.grape.grape import GetGrape
&gt;&gt;&gt; GetGrape()
I have a grape!
</code></pre>

I have the following directory structure:

<pre><code>ican/
 __init__.py
 haz/
 __init__.py
 apple.py
 grape/
 __init.py
 grape.py
</code></pre>

where <code>apple.py</code> and <code>grape.py</code> have fruit class definitions. In another test file, I am trying to load a fruit class via something akin to <code>myapple = ican.haz.apple()</code> or <code>mygrape = ican.haz.grape()</code>.

What is the correct directory structure and <code>import</code> structure for loading a class of this sort? I have also tried something like <code>import ican.haz as icanhaz</code> and then calling <code>myapple = icanhaz.apple()</code>. I am looking to put all of my classes in the same spot and load them via something like <code>ican.haz.&lt;class&gt;</code>.

Python modules vs classes

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我有以下目录结构：ican/  __init__.py  haz/    __init__.py    apple.py    grape/      __init.py      grape.py其中apple.py和grape.py有水果类定义。在另一个测试文件中，我试图通过类似于myapple = ican.ha...

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