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问Hibernate事务管理器性能问题
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Stack Overflow用户

提问于 2015-10-13 16:57:47

回答 2查看 2.1K关注 0票数 3

目前，我在Hibernate中遇到了性能问题。

要执行SQL语句(例如select * from表)，只需大约90 12就可以只获取10条包含12列的记录

但是，为了让hibernate在DAO类中运行以下java代码

List<T> afterGetAll = getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().createCriteria(type).list();

在执行上面的语句时，只执行大约需要260~300 ms，更不用说调用DAO的服务类中的额外执行时间了。总花费在600~1000 ms左右。我怀疑大部分时间都花在事务管理上。

我不知道我的代码/配置哪里出错了，我也尝试过以下方法，但是没有太大帮助.

在dataSource设置中添加连接池
在DAO类中使用hibernate原生SQL方法代替createCriteria
启用延迟负载
增加tomcat服务器的堆大小
使用二级缓存提供程序
@Transactional(readOnly = true)用于只读查询

加速操作的一些解决办法：

通过配置EhCacheRegionFactory来启用hibernate缓存，并一起启用二级缓存。然后，在服务器开始时，我的web应用程序通过手动触发服务调用来初始化缓存。这可以成功地将Hibernate获取sql查询后的数据绑定过程从300~400 3ms减少到1~3ms。但是，瓶颈在提交事务时.(请参阅下面的Update#2 )

这是我的配置和代码

Hibernate配置

<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
    <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://test />
    <property name="user" value="test" />
    <property name="password" value="test" />
    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />
    <property name="minPoolSize" value="5" />
    <property name="maxStatements" value="5" />
</bean>

<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property>
    <property name="mappingResources">
        <list>
            <value>orm/UserModel.hbm.xml</value>
            <value>orm/UserToken.hbm.xml</value>
            <value>orm/RoleModel.hbm.xml</value>
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="hibernateProperties">
      <props>
        <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.use_sql_comments">true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.enable_lazy_load_no_trans">true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</prop>  
        <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop>   
        <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.minPoolSize">5</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.maxPoolSize">20</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean id="baseDao" abstract="true" class="com.test.app.project.dao.BaseDAOImpl">
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<bean id="userDao" parent="baseDao" class="com.test.app.project.dao.UserDAOImpl">
</bean>

<bean id="userService" class="com.test.app.project.services.UserServiceImpl">
    <property name="userDao" ref="userDao" />
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

DAO类getAll方法

public <T> List<T> getAll(final Class<T> type) {
        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        List<T> afterGetAll = getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().createSQLQuery("SELECT user_id,username,email,is_active FROM app_users")
                .addScalar("user_id", LongType.INSTANCE)
                .addScalar("username", StringType.INSTANCE)
                .addScalar("email", StringType.INSTANCE)
                .addScalar("is_active", IntegerType.INSTANCE)
                .setResultTransformer(Transformers.aliasToBean(UserModel.class)).list();
        //List<T> afterGetAll = getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().createCriteria(type).list();
        long endTime = System.nanoTime();
        long duration = (endTime - startTime); 
        logger.info("============getAll=============== Execution Timestamp: " + duration/1000000 + "milliseconds");
        return afterGetAll;
    }

服务类调用上面的dao

@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW,isolation = Isolation.READ_COMMITTED)
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
...
    @Override
    public <T> List<T> getAll(Class<T> type) {
        List<T> userList = userDao.getAll(type);
        return userList;
    }
...
}

配置/代码中的任何建议都可以提高性能，这也受到欢迎。先谢谢

Update#1:启用hibernate统计之后的，我可以推断，由于以下统计信息，大部分时间没有花在执行语句上。

2015-10-14 10:45:46 INFO  StatisticalLoggingSessionEventListener:275 - Session M
etrics {
    298847 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
    0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
    914957 nanoseconds spent preparing 1 JDBC statements;
    335661830 nanoseconds spent executing 1 JDBC statements;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 JDBC batches;
    0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C puts;
    0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C hits;
    0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C misses;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and
0 collections);
    5735 nanoseconds spent executing 1 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 en
tities and 0 collections)
}

2015-10-14 10:45:46 INFO  AdminOperationController:51 - =======/admin/operation/
UserManagement Execution Timestamp:====== 3051milliseconds

结果表明，只调用该服务的执行控制器类与hibernate执行语句的执行时间相差近10倍。

Update#2

我试图添加一些毫秒时间戳，以跟踪哪个进程花费了大部分时间。后来，我发现了大部分时间用于将hibernate事务公开为jdbc事务，并在每次服务操作之后执行事务。统计查找日志如下所示

2015-10-15 18:00:13,768 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:448 - Preparing JDBC Connection of Hibernate Session [SessionImpl(PersistenceContext[entityKeys=[],collectionKeys=[]];ActionQueue[insertions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2b237512 updates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@24db06de deletions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@279febb9 orphanRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@742cd301 collectionCreations=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2ad1223d collectionRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@81ee8c1 collectionUpdates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2542db11 collectionQueuedOps=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@483c4c33 unresolvedInsertDependencies=UnresolvedEntityInsertActions[]])]
2015-10-15 18:00:13,847 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:516 - Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [ConnectionHandle{url=jdbc:mysql://test, user=test, debugHandle=null, lastResetAgoInSec=18, lastUsedAgoInSec=18, creationTimeAgoInSec=18}]
2015-10-15 18:00:13,924 DEBUG SQL:109 - 
    /* dynamic native SQL query */ SELECT
        user_id,
        username,
        email,
        is_active 
    FROM
        app_users
2015-10-15 18:00:14,018 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([user_id] : [BIGINT]) - [43]
...
...
2015-10-15 18:00:14,177 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([username] : [VARCHAR]) - [username33]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,178 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([email] : [VARCHAR]) - [ss@ss.com]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,178 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([is_active] : [INTEGER]) - [0]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,178 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([user_id] : [BIGINT]) - [136]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,179 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([username] : [VARCHAR]) - [username34]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,179 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([email] : [VARCHAR]) - [ss2@ss.com]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,180 TRACE BasicExtractor:78 - extracted value ([is_active] : [INTEGER]) - [0]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,283 INFO  BaseDAOImpl:117 - ============getAll=============== Execution Timestamp: 433milliseconds
2015-10-15 18:00:14,284 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:759 - Initiating transaction commit
2015-10-15 18:00:14,286 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:580 - Committing Hibernate transaction on Session [SessionImpl(PersistenceContext[entityKeys=[],collectionKeys=[]];ActionQueue[insertions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2b237512 updates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@24db06de deletions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@279febb9 orphanRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@742cd301 collectionCreations=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2ad1223d collectionRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@81ee8c1 collectionUpdates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2542db11 collectionQueuedOps=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@483c4c33 unresolvedInsertDependencies=UnresolvedEntityInsertActions[]])]
2015-10-15 18:00:14,496 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:669 - Closing Hibernate Session [SessionImpl(PersistenceContext[entityKeys=[],collectionKeys=[]];ActionQueue[insertions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2b237512 updates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@24db06de deletions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@279febb9 orphanRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@742cd301 collectionCreations=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2ad1223d collectionRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@81ee8c1 collectionUpdates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@2542db11 collectionQueuedOps=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@483c4c33 unresolvedInsertDependencies=UnresolvedEntityInsertActions[]])] after transaction
2015-10-15 18:00:14,499 INFO  StatisticalLoggingSessionEventListener:275 - Session Metrics {
    21735 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
    0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
    10155810 nanoseconds spent preparing 1 JDBC statements;
    69653167 nanoseconds spent executing 1 JDBC statements;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 JDBC batches;
    11795265 nanoseconds spent performing 1 L2C puts;
    0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C hits;
    69732 nanoseconds spent performing 1 L2C misses;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections);
    31394 nanoseconds spent executing 1 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)
}
2015-10-15 18:00:14,639 INFO  AdminOperationController:49 - =======/admin/operation/UserManagement Execution Timestamp:====== 924milliseconds

通过初始化缓存

2015-10-15 18:00:22,410 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:516 - Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [ConnectionHandle{url=jdbc:mysql://test, user=test, debugHandle=null, lastResetAgoInSec=22, lastUsedAgoInSec=22, creationTimeAgoInSec=22}]
2015-10-15 18:00:22,417 INFO  BaseDAOImpl:117 - ============getAll=============== Execution Timestamp: 4milliseconds
2015-10-15 18:00:22,418 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:759 - Initiating transaction commit
2015-10-15 18:00:22,419 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:580 - Committing Hibernate transaction on Session [SessionImpl(PersistenceContext[entityKeys=[],collectionKeys=[]];ActionQueue[insertions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@19acc826 updates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@1e8843f5 deletions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@425997c orphanRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@407f9e04 collectionCreations=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@7a5f39b0 collectionRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@1c49094 collectionUpdates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@fefe574 collectionQueuedOps=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@4ec12ad8 unresolvedInsertDependencies=UnresolvedEntityInsertActions[]])]
2015-10-15 18:00:22,625 DEBUG HibernateTransactionManager:669 - Closing Hibernate Session [SessionImpl(PersistenceContext[entityKeys=[],collectionKeys=[]];ActionQueue[insertions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@19acc826 updates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@1e8843f5 deletions=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@425997c orphanRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@407f9e04 collectionCreations=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@7a5f39b0 collectionRemovals=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@1c49094 collectionUpdates=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@fefe574 collectionQueuedOps=org.hibernate.engine.spi.ExecutableList@4ec12ad8 unresolvedInsertDependencies=UnresolvedEntityInsertActions[]])] after transaction
2015-10-15 18:00:22,627 INFO  StatisticalLoggingSessionEventListener:275 - Session Metrics {
    19621 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
    0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
    0 nanoseconds spent preparing 0 JDBC statements;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 JDBC statements;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 JDBC batches;
    0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C puts;
    2170444 nanoseconds spent performing 1 L2C hits;
    0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C misses;
    0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections);
    19018 nanoseconds spent executing 1 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)
}
2015-10-15 18:00:22,766 INFO  AdminOperationController:49 - =======/admin/operation/UserManagement Execution Timestamp:====== 425milliseconds

有人能建议我如何改善这种情况吗？

java

mysql

spring

hibernate

回答 2

Stack Overflow用户

回答已采纳

发布于 2015-10-15 15:26:53

终于解决了这个问题。除了配置解决方案(请参阅我编辑的文章，我使用缓存初始化)，我重构我的代码，以便在一个事务服务方法中尽可能地进行适当的DAO操作(在此之前，我的事务服务只有非常简化的方法，也就是说，我可能需要为一个工作流调用几个事务服务方法(例如，注册一个新用户)。这样做是非常昂贵的。

这进一步提高了我的表现。

正如我们在我的文章Update#2中看到的那样，瓶颈在于事务提交。这可能是数据库服务器问题。现在，我将数据库更改为localhost。速度由400~500 has进一步提高到20 has。

票数 0

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2015-10-13 18:29:41

请找出一些建议：

将hibernate.show_sql设置为"false"，并确保Hibernate日志记录在尽可能低的日志级别上运行。
将延迟加载定义为首选关联加载策略。
在查询和条件上设置@Transactional(readOnly = true)，当返回的对象永远不会被修改时。
大多数查询都不能从缓存中获益，因此默认情况下，查询不会被缓存。若要启用缓存，请调用Query.setCacheable(true).
您可以激活Hibernate Statistics来分析性能问题(属性hibernate.generate_statistics设置为true)。
验证表上有索引。

票数 2

页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持

原文链接：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33108413

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