对为什么瓦伦公司显示英特尔MKL LAPACKE内存泄漏的洞察
对为什么瓦伦公司显示英特尔MKL LAPACKE内存泄漏的洞察
提问于 2016-03-24 10:04:36
这是我第一次使用英特尔的MKL，LAPACKE和瓦兰。不幸的是，我犯了一个错误，因为我很少或根本没有经验。我需要一些关于如何解决潜在内存泄漏的建议。我正在使用Intel的MKL库，所以我强烈认为这个问题是我的错，但我不太清楚该查找什么或者如何调试这个问题。
下面是我从MKL安装中测试的示例文件
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/*
LAPACKE_chesv Example.
======================
The program computes the solution to the system of linear equations
with a Hermitian matrix A and multiple right-hand sides B,
where A is the coefficient matrix:
( -2.90, 0.00) ( 0.31, 4.46) ( 9.66, -5.66) ( -2.28, 2.14)
( 0.31, -4.46) ( -7.93, 0.00) ( 9.55, -4.62) ( -3.51, 3.11)
( 9.66, 5.66) ( 9.55, 4.62) ( 0.30, 0.00) ( 9.33, -9.66)
( -2.28, -2.14) ( -3.51, -3.11) ( 9.33, 9.66) ( 2.40, 0.00)
and B is the right-hand side matrix:
( -5.69, -8.21) ( -2.83, 6.46)
( -3.57, 1.99) ( -7.64, 1.10)
( 8.42, -9.83) ( -2.33, -4.23)
( -5.00, 3.85) ( 6.48, -3.81)
Description.
============
The routine solves for X the complex system of linear equations A*X = B,
where A is an n-by-n Hermitian matrix, the columns of matrix B are
individual right-hand sides, and the columns of X are the corresponding
solutions.
The diagonal pivoting method is used to factor A as A = U*D*UH or
A = L*D*LH, where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper
(lower) triangular matrices, and D is Hermitian and block diagonal with
1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks.
The factored form of A is then used to solve the system of equations A*X = B.
Example Program Results.
========================
LAPACKE_chesv (row-major, high-level) Example Program Results
Solution
( 0.22, -0.95) ( -1.13, 0.18)
( -1.42, -1.30) ( 0.70, 1.13)
( -0.65, -0.40) ( 0.04, 0.07)
( -0.48, 1.35) ( 1.15, -0.27)
Details of factorization
( 3.17, 0.00) ( 7.32, 3.28) ( -0.36, 0.06) ( 0.20, -0.82)
( 0.00, 0.00) ( 0.03, 0.00) ( -0.48, 0.03) ( 0.25, -0.76)
( 0.00, 0.00) ( 0.00, 0.00) ( 0.30, 0.00) ( 9.33, -9.66)
( 0.00, 0.00) ( 0.00, 0.00) ( 0.00, 0.00) ( 2.40, 0.00)
Pivot indices
-1 -1 -3 -3
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "mkl_lapacke.h"
/* Auxiliary routines prototypes */
extern void print_matrix( char* desc, MKL_INT m, MKL_INT n, MKL_Complex8* a, MKL_INT lda );
extern void print_int_vector( char* desc, MKL_INT n, MKL_INT* a );
/* Parameters */
#define N 4
#define NRHS 2
#define LDA N
#define LDB NRHS
/* Main program */
int main() {
/* Locals */
MKL_INT n = N, nrhs = NRHS, lda = LDA, ldb = LDB, info;
/* Local arrays */
MKL_INT ipiv[N];
MKL_Complex8 a[LDA*N] = {
{-2.90f, 0.00f}, { 0.31f, 4.46f}, { 9.66f, -5.66f}, {-2.28f, 2.14f},
{ 0.00f, 0.00f}, {-7.93f, 0.00f}, { 9.55f, -4.62f}, {-3.51f, 3.11f},
{ 0.00f, 0.00f}, { 0.00f, 0.00f}, { 0.30f, 0.00f}, { 9.33f, -9.66f},
{ 0.00f, 0.00f}, { 0.00f, 0.00f}, { 0.00f, 0.00f}, { 2.40f, 0.00f}
};
MKL_Complex8 b[LDB*N] = {
{-5.69f, -8.21f}, {-2.83f, 6.46f},
{-3.57f, 1.99f}, {-7.64f, 1.10f},
{ 8.42f, -9.83f}, {-2.33f, -4.23f},
{-5.00f, 3.85f}, { 6.48f, -3.81f}
};
/* Executable statements */
printf( "LAPACKE_chesv (row-major, high-level) Example Program Results\n" );
/* Solve the equations A*X = B */
info = LAPACKE_chesv( LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR, 'U', n, nrhs, a, lda, ipiv,
b, ldb );
/* Check for the exact singularity */
if( info > 0 ) {
printf( "The element of the diagonal factor " );
printf( "D(%i,%i) is zero, so that D is singular;\n", info, info );
printf( "the solution could not be computed.\n" );
exit( 1 );
}
/* Print solution */
print_matrix( "Solution", n, nrhs, b, ldb );
/* Print details of factorization */
print_matrix( "Details of factorization", n, n, a, lda );
/* Print pivot indices */
print_int_vector( "Pivot indices", n, ipiv );
exit( 0 );
} /* End of LAPACKE_chesv Example */
/* Auxiliary routine: printing a matrix */
void print_matrix( char* desc, MKL_INT m, MKL_INT n, MKL_Complex8* a, MKL_INT lda ) {
MKL_INT i, j;
printf( "\n %s\n", desc );
for( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) {
for( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
printf( " (%6.2f,%6.2f)", a[i*lda+j].real, a[i*lda+j].imag );
printf( "\n" );
}
}
/* Auxiliary routine: printing a vector of integers */
void print_int_vector( char* desc, MKL_INT n, MKL_INT* a ) {
MKL_INT j;
printf( "\n %s\n", desc );
for( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) printf( " %6i", a[j] );
printf( "\n" );
}在下面的行info = LAPACKE_chesv( LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR, 'U', n, nrhs, a, lda, ipiv, b, ldb );上输出的值
Multiple markers at this line
- 69,664 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 11 of 11 [PID:
5535]
- 288 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 9 of 11 [PID: 5535]
- 192 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 6 of 11 [PID: 5535]
- 192 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 5 of 11 [PID: 5535]
- 256 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 8 of 11 [PID: 5535]
- 224 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 7 of 11 [PID: 5535]无论如何，我没有修改Intel的示例文件。我只是建造和运行它。下面是Val差尔日志文件中的详细信息：
==5535== 192 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 5 of 11
==5535== at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==5535== by 0x5898A3D: mkl_serv_allocate (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x51C3192: LAPACKE_chesv (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x400A59: main (/home/troy/Eclipse_INTEL/mkl_lapacke_gcc/Debug/../chesv_row.c:112)
==5535==
==5535== 192 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 6 of 11
==5535== at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==5535== by 0x5898A3D: mkl_serv_allocate (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x5074A1E: CHESV (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x51C3491: LAPACKE_chesv_work (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x51C31F2: LAPACKE_chesv (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x400A59: main (/home/troy/Eclipse_INTEL/mkl_lapacke_gcc/Debug/../chesv_row.c:112)
==5535==
==5535== 224 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 7 of 11
==5535== at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==5535== by 0x5898A3D: mkl_serv_allocate (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x51C33D9: LAPACKE_chesv_work (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x51C31F2: LAPACKE_chesv (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x400A59: main (/home/troy/Eclipse_INTEL/mkl_lapacke_gcc/Debug/../chesv_row.c:112)
==5535==
==5535== 256 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 8 of 11
==5535== at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==5535== by 0x5899F49: mm_account_ptr_by_tid..0 (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x5898399: mkl_serv_allocate (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x51C3192: LAPACKE_chesv (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x400A59: main (/home/troy/Eclipse_INTEL/mkl_lapacke_gcc/Debug/../chesv_row.c:112)
==5535==
==5535== 288 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 9 of 11
==5535== at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==5535== by 0x5898A3D: mkl_serv_allocate (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x51C338A: LAPACKE_chesv_work (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x51C31F2: LAPACKE_chesv (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x400A59: main (/home/troy/Eclipse_INTEL/mkl_lapacke_gcc/Debug/../chesv_row.c:112)
==5535==
==5535== 69,664 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 11 of 11
==5535== at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==5535== by 0x589A184: mm_account_ptr_by_tid..0 (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x5898399: mkl_serv_allocate (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_core.so)
==5535== by 0x51C3192: LAPACKE_chesv (in /usr/local/INTEL/compilers_and_libraries_2016.2.181/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_intel_lp64.so)
==5535== by 0x400A59: main (/home/troy/Eclipse_INTEL/mkl_lapacke_gcc/Debug/../chesv_row.c:112)
==5535==我应该补充说，我正在使用eclipse来运行我的软件。有什么特殊的方法可以用eclipse来设置MKL库吗？我相信这就是我潜在的错误所在。这个程序给了我一个答案，所有的“似乎”都是正确的，但是在我第一次运行瓦兰之后，我得到了上面列出的错误。有人能提供关于如何在eclipse (路径和库)中设置MKL库的说明吗？谢谢。
更新:我已经尝试过这些工具和站点，但是我还是从瓦兰那里得到了内存反馈。在这一点上，除非有人提供一些有用的东西，否则我不得不假设它只是一个“潜在的”漏洞，而不是一个“明确的”漏洞。
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2016-03-27 22:31:42
在与英特尔公司的人取得联系后，我被建议阅读下面引文中的用户指南部分，并在进一步使用"mkl_free_buffers“时检查这个mkl_free_buffers。最后，在程序末尾添加"mkl_free_buffers();“解决了这个问题。瓦兰“没有发现任何问题要报告”。
避免Intel MKL中的内存泄漏 运行时，Intel MKL分配和释放内部缓冲区，以提高性能。但是，在某些情况下，这种行为可能会导致内存泄漏。为了避免内存泄漏，您可以执行以下任一操作：·将MKL_DISABLE_FAST_MM环境变量设置为1或调用mkl_disable_fast_mm()函数。请注意，此更改可能会对某些Intel MKL功能的性能产生负面影响，特别是对于小问题大小。·在当前线程中调用mkl_free_buffers()函数或mkl_thread_free_buffers()函数。有关内存功能的说明，请参阅Intel软件文档库中的Intel MKL参考手册。
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36197527
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