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社区首页 >问答首页 >mingw32无法链接到库

问mingw32无法链接到库
EN

Stack Overflow用户
提问于 2016-09-07 19:08:16
回答 2查看 900关注 0票数 0

好的，这是一个有趣的测试，已经测试了两个版本的明明威*，这可能是用户错误，但谷歌辜负了我。

我仍然不能正确地构建更复杂的项目，即使它们应该，例如--让我们以牛顿物理引擎sdk中的例子为例，它是一个相当简单的程序。

首先，我们使用包含的makefile构建newton (因为cmake不断输出坏的makefile)，它输出了一个非常合理的.a文件，这是维护人员特别推荐的。

这些是牛顿马卡菲里的旗子

代码语言：javascript
复制
-c -Wall -Wno-strict-aliasing  -DPTW32_BUILD -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -D_NEWTON_STATIC_LIB -D_MINGW_32_VER -m32 -O2 -fpic -g -msse -msse3 -msse4 -mfpmath=sse -ffloat-store -ffast-math -freciprocal-math -funsafe-math-optimizations -fsingle-precision-constant -I$(DG_INCLUDED_PATH) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_PHYSICS_PATH) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_MESH_PATH) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_OPENCL_PATH)

但是，如果我想要实际构建这个示例，那么我们就会遇到一些小问题。

代码语言：javascript
复制
g++ -march=core2 -o out.exe ex.cpp -g -m32 -lNewton 2>&1 | tee build.log

我们得到了什么？链接器错误。到处都是未定义的引用，因为名称mangling似乎不匹配

我可能只是忽略了一些显而易见的东西，但我有点不知所措。

*g++.exe ( TDM -2 mingw32) 4.4.1和g++.exe (GCC) 5.3.0

下面是makefile (您可能会注意到默认的mingw32 makefile对makefile的一些小调整，这是因为它最初根本没有构建，直到我修复了一些空白问题)：

代码语言：javascript
复制
#*******************************************************
#
# Newton game dynamics 
# copy right by Julio Jerez 2002 - 2012
#
#*******************************************************
#
# Generic makefile 
# this make file generate the libraries: 
# dg, physics, and newton
#
#*******************************************************  


# ******************************************************
#
# dg low level library
#
# ******************************************************
DG_INCLUDED_PATH = ../../source/core
DG_PATH = $(DG_INCLUDED_PATH)/
DG_SRCS = \
    $(DG_PATH)dgAABBPolygonSoup.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgAsyncThread.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgConvexHull3d.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgConvexHull4d.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dg.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgCRC.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgDebug.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgDelaunayTetrahedralization.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgGeneralMatrix.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgGeneralVector.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgGoogol.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgIntersections.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgMatrix.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgMemory.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgMutexThread.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgNode.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgPolygonSoupBuilder.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgPolyhedra.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgPolyhedraMassProperties.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgQuaternion.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgRandom.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgRefCounter.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgRef.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgSmallDeterminant.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgSPDMatrix.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgObb.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgThread.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgThreadHive.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgTree.cpp \
    $(DG_PATH)dgTypes.cpp


# ******************************************************
#
# Physics engine files
#
# ******************************************************
DG_INCLUDED_PHYSICS_PATH = ../../source/physics
DG_PHYSICS_PATH = $(DG_INCLUDED_PHYSICS_PATH)/
DG_PHYSICS_SRCS = \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgDynamicBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgKinematicBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgBallConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgBilateralConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgDynamicBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgKinematicBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgBodyMasterList.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgBroadPhase.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionBox.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionBVH.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionCapsule.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionChamferCylinder.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionCompoundFractured.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionCompound.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionCone.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionConvex.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionConvexHull.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionConvexPolygon.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollision.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionCylinder.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionDeformableClothPatch.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionDeformableSolidMesh.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionDeformableMesh.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionHeightField.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionInstance.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionMesh.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionNull.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionScene.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionSphere.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionTaperedCapsule.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionTaperedCylinder.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCollisionUserMesh.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgContact.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgCorkscrewConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgDeformableBody.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgDeformableContact.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgHingeConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgNarrowPhaseCollision.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgSlidingConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgUniversalConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgUpVectorConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgUserConstraint.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgWorld.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgDeformableBodiesUpdate.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgWorldDynamicsParallelSolver.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgWorldDynamicsSimpleSolver.cpp \
    $(DG_PHYSICS_PATH)dgWorldDynamicUpdate.cpp


# ******************************************************
#
# mesh gemotry 
#
# ******************************************************
DG_INCLUDED_MESH_PATH = ../../source/meshUtil
DG_MESH_PATH = $(DG_INCLUDED_MESH_PATH)/
DG_MESH_SRCS = \
    $(DG_MESH_PATH)dgMeshEffect1.cpp \
    $(DG_MESH_PATH)dgMeshEffect2.cpp \
    $(DG_MESH_PATH)dgMeshEffect3.cpp \
    $(DG_MESH_PATH)dgMeshEffect4.cpp \
    $(DG_MESH_PATH)dgMeshEffect5.cpp \
    $(DG_MESH_PATH)dgMeshEffect6.cpp 

# ******************************************************
#
# open cl 
#
# ******************************************************
DG_INCLUDED_OPENCL_PATH = ../../source/openCL
DG_OPENCL_PATH = $(DG_INCLUDED_OPENCL_PATH)/
#DG_OPENCL_SRCS = \
#   $(DG_OPENCL_PATH)dgOpencl.cpp \
#   $(DG_OPENCL_PATH)dgOpenclInstance.cpp \
#   $(DG_OPENCL_PATH)dgOpenclBroadPhase.cpp



# ******************************************************
#
# Newton engine files
#g++ -shared -o libNewton.dll libNewton.a
# ******************************************************
DG_INCLUDED_NEWTON_PATH = ../../source/newton
DG_NEWTON_PATH = $(DG_INCLUDED_NEWTON_PATH)/
DG_NEWTON_SRCS = \
    $(DG_NEWTON_PATH)Newton.cpp \
    $(DG_NEWTON_PATH)NewtonClass.cpp

# ******************************************************
#
# Allsource files
#
# ******************************************************
ALL_SRC_FILES = $(DG_SRCS) $(DG_PHYSICS_SRCS) $(DG_OPENCL_SRCS) $(DG_MESH_SRCS) $(DG_NEWTON_SRCS)
DG_OBJ_FILES = $(ALL_SRC_FILES:.cpp=.o)

COMPILER = gcc

# mingw options  gcc 4.4.2
#CPU_FLAGS = -m32 -O0 -fPIC -g -msse -msse2 -mfpmath=sse 
#CPU_FLAGS = -m32 -O0 -fPIC -g -msse -msse4.1 -mfpmath=sse 
#CPU_FLAGS = -m32 -O2 -fpic -g -msse -msse4.1 -mfpmath=sse -ffloat-store -ffast-math -freciprocal-math -funsafe-math-optimizations -fsingle-precision-constant
CPU_FLAGS = -m32 -O2 -fpic -g -msse -msse3 -msse4 -mfpmath=sse -ffloat-store -ffast-math -freciprocal-math -funsafe-math-optimizations -fsingle-precision-constant

FLAGS  = -Wall -Wno-strict-aliasing  -DPTW32_BUILD -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -D_NEWTON_STATIC_LIB -D_MINGW_32_VER $(CPU_FLAGS) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_PATH) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_PHYSICS_PATH) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_MESH_PATH) -I$(DG_INCLUDED_OPENCL_PATH)

.SUFFIXES : .o .cpp
.cpp.o :
    $(COMPILER) $(FLAGS) -o $@ $<

# main target
engine : libNewton.a


# clean all objects target
clean :
    rm $(DG_OBJ_FILES)
    touch $(ALL_SRC_FILES)

# libraries targets
libNewton.a : $(DG_OBJ_FILES)
    ar r $@ $?
    strip -g -S -d -v libNewton.a -o libNewton.a
    cp libNewton.a ../../../packages/mingw32/libNewton.a
    cp ../../source/newton/Newton.h ../../../packages/mingw32/Newton.h
#   $(COMPILER) -shared -Wl,-soname,libNewton.dll $? -o libNewton.dll 
#   cp libNewton.dll ../../../packages/mingw32/libNewton.dll
    #sudo cp libNewton.dll /usr/lib

如果我不使用-c构建链接器错误(所有的牛顿功能都是未定义的，这对任何人来说都不奇怪，因为这就是-c的本意，但它破坏了即使是最简单的测试用例也意味着出了问题)。

代码语言：javascript
复制
C:\Users\Thunder\AppData\Local\Temp\cchfxWSh.o: In function `Z20CreateBackgroundBodyP11NewtonWorld':
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonCreateTreeCollision'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonTreeCollisionBeginBuild'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:23: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonTreeCollisionAddFace'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:26: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonTreeCollisionEndBuild'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:29: undefined reference to `dGetIdentityMatrix()'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonCreateDynamicBody'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:33: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonDestroyCollision'
C:\Users\Thunder\AppData\Local\Temp\cchfxWSh.o: In function `ApplyGravity':
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:45: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonBodyGetMassMatrix'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:47: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonBodySetForce'
C:\Users\Thunder\AppData\Local\Temp\cchfxWSh.o: In function `Z18CreateFreeFallBallP11NewtonWorld':
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:53: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonCreateSphere'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:56: undefined reference to `dGetIdentityMatrix()'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:58: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonCreateDynamicBody'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:61: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonBodySetForceAndTorqueCallback'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:65: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonBodySetMassProperties'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:68: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonBodySetLinearDamping'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:71: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonDestroyCollision'
C:\Users\Thunder\AppData\Local\Temp\cchfxWSh.o: In function `main':
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:79: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonCreate'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:86: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonInvalidateCache'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:90: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonUpdate'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:93: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonBodyGetMatrix'
C:\Users\Thunder\Documents\projects\libproto framework\src/ex.cpp:98: undefined reference to `_imp__NewtonDestroy'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
linker-errors
c++
windows
makefile
EN

回答 2

Stack Overflow用户

回答已采纳

发布于 2016-09-07 19:14:28

你的问题很简单。

-c开关的gcc只做编译步骤，不链接和产生一个可执行模块。

指示gcc将输出写入具有.exe扩展名的文件对gcc没有特殊意义。

因此，您只是试图执行对象文件，所以Winodws会抱怨。

​

我假设您在显示的命令中输入了最后一个参数，它们应该读为hello_world.c

​

票数 1
EN

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2016-09-19 03:22:32

好的，我终于缩小了不能编译或链接任何东西的根本原因。

原因是我已经成功链接的两个库都是为了与C++98兼容而编写的--这两个库的构建和链接都很好。然而，我的框架也使用过牛顿动力学和box2D，这是我移植过程中遇到的问题，它们都依赖于C++11或更高版本。

这花了一段时间才发现，因为我从来没有想到这个问题可能只是工具链的C++11子集，当我注意到我甚至不能构建最简单的c++11项目(仅使用nullptr的项目)时，我注意到它完全是巧合的，如果我使用的是g++ 4.5或更高版本--这是预期的，但从4.6甚至更高版本就可以使用了。

因此，我们将进行故障排除，我使用hello world应用程序(相当标准，但无论如何都包含了代码)，并使用

代码语言：javascript
复制
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << "Hello world!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

g++.exe -Wall -fexceptions -g -O2 -c gcc530_sanitytest\main.cpp -o obj\Debug\main.o

这个效果很好。

如果我们试着用

g++.exe -Wall -fexceptions -std=c++11 -g -O2 -c gcc530_sanitytest\main.cpp -o obj\Debug\main.o

然后我们就会有很多错误

即：

代码语言：javascript
复制
||=== Build: Debug in gcc530_sanitytest (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler) ===|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: '_ino_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: '_mode_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: '_off_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|173|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: '_ino_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: '_mode_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: '_off_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|180|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: '_ino_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: '_mode_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: '__off64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|188|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '_ino_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '_mode_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '_dev_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '__off64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '__time64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '__time64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\sys\stat.h|195|error: '__time64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|335|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|335|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|335|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|336|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|336|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|336|error: 'time_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|362|error: '__time64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|362|error: '__time64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\include\io.h|362|error: '__time64_t' does not name a type|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|146|error: '::fwide' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|153|error: '::mbsinit' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|198|error: '::wmemcmp' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|199|error: '::wmemcpy' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|200|error: '::wmemmove' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|201|error: '::wmemset' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|208|error: '::wmemchr' has not been declared|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar||In function 'wchar_t* std::wmemchr(wchar_t*, wchar_t, std::size_t)':|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|229|error: invalid conversion from 'const wchar_t*' to 'wchar_t*' [-fpermissive]|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\cwchar|228|note:   initializing argument 1 of 'wchar_t* std::wmemchr(wchar_t*, wchar_t, std::size_t)'|
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\5.3.0\include\c++\bits\char_traits.h|353|error: 'wmemcmp' was not declared in this scope|
||More errors follow but not being shown.|
||Edit the max errors limit in compiler options...|
||=== Build failed: 50 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s)) ===|

这就导致了一个显而易见的结论，即构建环境被破坏了，就我而言，这个问题回答得足够好--由于提醒/教育我知道-c做了什么(尽管这不是根本原因)，仍然给serge一个确定的答案。

也许这就是mingw设计的工作方式，但后来它被设计打破了(然而，我怀疑他们没有理由故意破坏C++11)。

票数 0
EN
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39377428

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