如何在GCC内嵌组件中使用标签？
如何在GCC内嵌组件中使用标签？
提问于 2017-03-08 20:53:06
我正在尝试学习x86-64内联程序集，并决定实现这个非常简单的交换方法，该方法简单地按升序对a和b进行排序：
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
asm(".intel_syntax noprefix");
asm("mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]");
asm("mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]");
asm("cmp eax, ebx");
asm("jle .L1");
asm("mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx");
asm("mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax");
asm(".L1:");
asm(".att_syntax noprefix");
}
int main()
{
int input[3];
scanf("%d%d%d", &input[0], &input[1], &input[2]);
swap(&input[0], &input[1]);
swap(&input[1], &input[2]);
swap(&input[0], &input[1]);
printf("%d %d %d\n", input[0], input[1], input[2]);
return 0;
}当我使用以下命令运行它时，上面的代码就像预期的那样工作：
> gcc main.c
> ./a.out
> 3 2 1
> 1 2 3但是，一旦启动优化，就会收到以下错误消息：
> gcc -O2 main.c
> main.c: Assembler messages:
> main.c:12: Error: symbol `.L1' is already defined
> main.c:12: Error: symbol `.L1' is already defined
> main.c:12: Error: symbol `.L1' is already defined如果我正确理解它，这是因为gcc试图在打开优化时内联我的swap函数，导致在程序集文件中多次定义标签.L1。
我试图找出这个问题的答案，但似乎没有什么效果。在这个先前提出的问题中，建议使用本地标签，我也尝试过这样做：
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
asm(".intel_syntax noprefix");
asm("mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]");
asm("mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]");
asm("cmp eax, ebx");
asm("jle 1f");
asm("mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx");
asm("mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax");
asm("1:");
asm(".att_syntax noprefix");
}但是，当尝试运行程序时，我现在得到了一个分段错误：
> gcc -O2 main.c
> ./a.out
> 3 2 1
> Segmentation fault我还尝试了对这个先前提出的问题的建议解决方案，并将名称.L1更改为CustomLabel1，以防出现名称冲突，但它仍然给我带来了旧的错误：
> gcc -O2 main.c
> main.c: Assembler messages:
> main.c:12: Error: symbol `CustomLabel1' is already defined
> main.c:12: Error: symbol `CustomLabel1' is already defined
> main.c:12: Error: symbol `CustomLabel1' is already defined最后，我也尝试了这一建议
void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
asm(".intel_syntax noprefix");
asm("mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]");
asm("mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]");
asm("cmp eax, ebx");
asm("jle label%=");
asm("mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx");
asm("mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax");
asm("label%=:");
asm(".att_syntax noprefix");
}但我却得到了这些错误：
main.c: Assembler messages:
main.c:9: Error: invalid character '=' in operand 1
main.c:12: Error: invalid character '%' in mnemonic
main.c:9: Error: invalid character '=' in operand 1
main.c:12: Error: invalid character '%' in mnemonic
main.c:9: Error: invalid character '=' in operand 1
main.c:12: Error: invalid character '%' in mnemonic
main.c:9: Error: invalid character '=' in operand 1
main.c:12: Error: invalid character '%' in mnemonic所以，我的问题是：
如何在内联程序集中使用标签？
这是优化版本的反汇编输出：
> gcc -O2 -S main.c
.file "main.c"
.section .text.unlikely,"ax",@progbits
.LCOLDB0:
.text
.LHOTB0:
.p2align 4,,15
.globl swap
.type swap, @function
swap:
.LFB23:
.cfi_startproc
#APP
# 5 "main.c" 1
.intel_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
# 6 "main.c" 1
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]
# 0 "" 2
# 7 "main.c" 1
mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]
# 0 "" 2
# 8 "main.c" 1
cmp eax, ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 9 "main.c" 1
jle 1f
# 0 "" 2
# 10 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 11 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax
# 0 "" 2
# 12 "main.c" 1
1:
# 0 "" 2
# 13 "main.c" 1
.att_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
#NO_APP
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE23:
.size swap, .-swap
.section .text.unlikely
.LCOLDE0:
.text
.LHOTE0:
.section .rodata.str1.1,"aMS",@progbits,1
.LC1:
.string "%d%d%d"
.LC2:
.string "%d %d %d\n"
.section .text.unlikely
.LCOLDB3:
.section .text.startup,"ax",@progbits
.LHOTB3:
.p2align 4,,15
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB24:
.cfi_startproc
subq $40, %rsp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 48
movl $.LC1, %edi
movq %fs:40, %rax
movq %rax, 24(%rsp)
xorl %eax, %eax
leaq 8(%rsp), %rcx
leaq 4(%rsp), %rdx
movq %rsp, %rsi
call __isoc99_scanf
#APP
# 5 "main.c" 1
.intel_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
# 6 "main.c" 1
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]
# 0 "" 2
# 7 "main.c" 1
mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]
# 0 "" 2
# 8 "main.c" 1
cmp eax, ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 9 "main.c" 1
jle 1f
# 0 "" 2
# 10 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 11 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax
# 0 "" 2
# 12 "main.c" 1
1:
# 0 "" 2
# 13 "main.c" 1
.att_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
# 5 "main.c" 1
.intel_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
# 6 "main.c" 1
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]
# 0 "" 2
# 7 "main.c" 1
mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]
# 0 "" 2
# 8 "main.c" 1
cmp eax, ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 9 "main.c" 1
jle 1f
# 0 "" 2
# 10 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 11 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax
# 0 "" 2
# 12 "main.c" 1
1:
# 0 "" 2
# 13 "main.c" 1
.att_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
# 5 "main.c" 1
.intel_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
# 6 "main.c" 1
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]
# 0 "" 2
# 7 "main.c" 1
mov ebx, DWORD PTR [rsi]
# 0 "" 2
# 8 "main.c" 1
cmp eax, ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 9 "main.c" 1
jle 1f
# 0 "" 2
# 10 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rdi], ebx
# 0 "" 2
# 11 "main.c" 1
mov DWORD PTR [rsi], eax
# 0 "" 2
# 12 "main.c" 1
1:
# 0 "" 2
# 13 "main.c" 1
.att_syntax noprefix
# 0 "" 2
#NO_APP
movl 8(%rsp), %r8d
movl 4(%rsp), %ecx
movl $.LC2, %esi
movl (%rsp), %edx
xorl %eax, %eax
movl $1, %edi
call __printf_chk
movq 24(%rsp), %rsi
xorq %fs:40, %rsi
jne .L6
xorl %eax, %eax
addq $40, %rsp
.cfi_remember_state
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 8
ret
.L6:
.cfi_restore_state
call __stack_chk_fail
.cfi_endproc
.LFE24:
.size main, .-main
.section .text.unlikely
.LCOLDE3:
.section .text.startup
.LHOTE3:
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) 5.4.0 20160609"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbitsStack Overflow用户
发布于 2017-03-08 21:43:15
您不能就这样将一堆asm语句内联起来。优化器可以根据它知道的约束重新排序、复制和删除它们。(就你的情况而言，它一无所知。)
因此，首先，您应该将asm合并在一起，并具有适当的读/写/重击约束。其次，还有一个特殊的asm goto表单，它将程序集提供给C级标签.
void swap(int *a, int *b) {
int tmp1, tmp2;
asm(
"mov (%2), %0\n"
"mov (%3), %1\n"
: "=r" (tmp1), "=r" (tmp2)
: "r" (a), "r" (b)
: "memory" // pointer in register doesn't imply that the pointed-to memory has to be "in sync"
// or use "m" memory source operands to let the compiler pick the addressing mode
);
asm goto(
"cmp %1, %0\n"
"jle %l4\n"
"mov %1, (%2)\n"
"mov %0, (%3)\n"
:
: "r" (tmp1), "r" (tmp2), "r" (a), "r" (b)
: "cc", "memory"
: L1
);
L1:
return;
}页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42681720
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