blocks|key|311601|text|试试这个：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|311602|$+awk+'{print+substr($0,1,15)}'+file
Australia
New+Zealand|code-block|syntax|javascript|311603|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Try this:

<pre><code>$ awk '{print substr($0,1,15)}' file
Australia
New Zealand
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1486834|text|补充Raymond+Hettinger's+helpful+POSIX-compliant+answer|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1486835|看上去你的国名列有23个字符宽。|1486836|在最简单的情况下，cut，，如果您不需要修剪尾随空格，您只需使用|style|BOLD|CODE|1486837|#+Works,+but+has+trailing+whitespace.
$+cut+-c+1-23+file
Australia++++++++++++++
New+Zealand++++++++++++|code-block|syntax|javascript|1486838|警告:+GNU+cut不知道UTF-8，所以如果输入是UTF-8编码的，并且包含非ASCII字符，那么上面的输入将不能正常工作。|1486839|要使用awk's剪裁尾随空格，可以利用GNU非标准FIELDWIDTHS变量：|1486840|#+Trailing+whitespace+is+trimmed.
$+awk+-v+FIELDWIDTHS=23+'{+sub("+%2B$",+"",+$1);+print+$1+}'+file
Australia
New+Zealand|1486841|FIELDWIDTHS=23声明第一个字段(反映在$1中)宽23个字符。|unordered-list-item|1486842|然后，sub("+%2B$",+"",+$1)从$1中删除尾随空格，将字段末尾的任何非空空格("+%2B")替换为空字符串。|1486843|但是，您的Linux发行版可能是Mawk而不是GNU；使用awk+-W+version来确定它是哪一个。|1486844|对于POSIX-compliant解决方案，trims尾随空格，请扩展雷蒙德的答案：|1486845|#+Trailing+whitespace+is+trimmed.
$+awk+'{+c=substr($0,+1,+23);+sub("+%2B$",+"",+c);+print+c}'+file
Australia
New+Zealand|1486846|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/43010698/45375^0|2|1E|0|0|0|9|3|D|D|9|3|0|0|0|1S|8|3|0|0|E|J|3|3|3|P|B|0|0|0|E|P|2|0|3|I|M|2|19|4|0|T|E|0|2|F|M|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@$A|1F|B|1G|1|1H]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1J|8|@$A|1K|B|1L|H|I]|$A|1M|B|1N|H|I]|$A|1O|B|1P|H|J]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|M|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|C|$N|O]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1R|8|@$A|1S|B|1T|H|I]|$A|1U|B|1V|H|J]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|1W|8|@$A|1X|B|1Y|H|I]|$A|1Z|B|20|H|I]|$A|21|B|22|H|J]|$A|23|B|24|H|J]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|M|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|C|$N|O]]|$1|V|3|W|5|X|7|26|8|@$A|27|B|28|H|J]|$A|29|B|2A|H|J]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|X|7|2B|8|@$A|2C|B|2D|H|J]|$A|2E|B|2F|H|J]|$A|2G|B|2H|H|J]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|2I|8|@$A|2J|B|2K|H|J]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|2L|8|@$A|2M|B|2N|H|I]|$A|2O|B|2P|H|I]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|M|7|2Q|8|@]|9|@]|C|$N|O]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|2R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|17|$18|$5|19|1A|1B|C|$1C|1D]]]]

To complement <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/43010698/45375">Raymond Hettinger's helpful POSIX-compliant answer</a>:
It looks like your country-name column is 23 characters wide.
In the simplest case, if you don't need to trim trailing whitespace, you can just use <code>cut</code>:
<pre class="lang-bash prettyprint-override"><code># Works, but has trailing whitespace.
$ cut -c 1-23 file
Australia 
New Zealand 
</code></pre>
Caveat: GNU <code>cut</code> is not UTF-8 aware, so if the input is UTF-8-encoded and contains non-ASCII characters, the above will not work correctly.
<hr />
To trim trailing whitespace, you can take advantage of GNU <code>awk</code>'s nonstandard <code>FIELDWIDTHS</code> variable:
<pre class="lang-bash prettyprint-override"><code># Trailing whitespace is trimmed.
$ awk -v FIELDWIDTHS=23 '{ sub(&quot; +$&quot;, &quot;&quot;, $1); print $1 }' file
Australia
New Zealand
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>FIELDWIDTHS=23</code> declares the first field (reflected in <code>$1</code>) to be 23 characters wide.
</li>
<li><code>sub(&quot; +$&quot;, &quot;&quot;, $1)</code> then removes trailing whitespace from <code>$1</code> by replacing any nonempty run of spaces (<code>&quot; +&quot;</code>) at the end of the field (<code>$1</code>) with the empty string.
</li>
</ul>
However, your Linux distro may come with Mawk rather than GNU Awk; use <code>awk -W version</code> to determine which one it is.
<hr />
For a POSIX-compliant solution that trims trailing whitespace, extend Raymond's answer:
<pre class="lang-bash prettyprint-override"><code># Trailing whitespace is trimmed.
$ awk '{ c=substr($0, 1, 23); sub(&quot; +$&quot;, &quot;&quot;, c); print c}' file
Australia
New Zealand
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1312553|text|去掉最后两列|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1312554|awk+'NF>2+&&+NF-=2'+file|code-block|syntax|javascript|1312555|NF>2是用于过滤超过2个字段的记录的保护程序。如果你的数据是一致的，你可以简单地把它删除，|offset|length|style|CODE|1312556|awk+'NF-=2'+file|1312557|entityMap^0|0|0|0|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@$I|T|J|U|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

to get rid of the last two columns

<pre><code>awk 'NF&gt;2 &amp;&amp; NF-=2' file
</code></pre>

<code>NF&gt;2</code> is the guard to filter records with more than 2 fields. If your data is consistent you can drop that to simply,

<pre><code>awk 'NF-=2' file
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1312590|text|在数据有空格的情况下，这与此无关，但通常不相关：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1312591|$+docker+ps
CONTAINER+ID+++IMAGE+++++COMMAND+++CREATED+++STATUS++++PORTS+++++NAMES
foo++++++++++++bar+++++++baz+++++++etc...|code-block|syntax|javascript|1312592|在这些情况下，使用tr删除多个空格的tr列非常容易获得：|offset|length|style|CODE|1312593|$+docker+ps+%7C+tr+--squeeze-repeats+'+'
CONTAINER+ID+IMAGE+COMMAND+CREATED+STATUS+PORTS+NAMES
foo+bar+baz|1312594|现在您可以将这个管道(没有烦人的标题行)传输到cut。|1312595|$+docker+ps+%7C+tr+--squeeze-repeats+'+'+%7C+tail+-n+%2B2+%7C+cut+-d+'+'+-f+2
foo|1312596|entityMap^0|0|0|9|2|I|2|0|0|N|3|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@$I|X|J|Y|K|L]|$I|Z|J|10|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|12|8|@$I|13|J|14|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$]]

This isn't relevant in the case where your data has spaces, but often it doesn't:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
foo bar baz etc...
</code></pre>
In these cases it's really easy to get, say, the <code>IMAGE</code> column using <code>tr</code> to remove multiple spaces:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ docker ps | tr --squeeze-repeats ' '
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
foo bar baz
</code></pre>
Now you can pipe this (without the pesky header row) to <code>cut</code>:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ docker ps | tr --squeeze-repeats ' ' | tail -n +2 | cut -d ' ' -f 2
foo
</code></pre>

I have text file named <code>file</code> that contains the following:

<pre><code>Australia AU 10
New Zealand NZ 1
...
</code></pre>

If I use the following command to extract the country names from the first column:

<pre><code>awk '{print $1}' file
</code></pre>

I get the following: 

<pre><code>Australia
New
...
</code></pre>

Only the first word of each country name is output.

How can I get the entire country name?

Extract values from a fixed-width column

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我有一个名为file的文本文件，它包含以下内容：Australia              AU 10New Zealand            NZ  1...如果我使用以下命令从第一列提取国家名称：awk '{print $1}' file我得到以下信息：AustraliaNew...输出的只有每个国家名称的第...

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