问iOS10背景提取

EN

- Make sure that the test app actually issues `URLSession` request at some point its normal course of action when you run it (i.e. when you run the app normally, not via background fetch). If you have a test app that doesn't issue any requests, it doesn't appear to enable the background fetch feature. (Or at the very least, it severely affects the frequency of the background fetch requests.)
- Reportedly, the OS will stop issuing subsequent background fetch calls to your app if prior background fetch calls didn't actually result in a network request being issued. (This may be a permutation of the prior point; it's not entirely clear.) I suspect Apple is trying to prevent developers using background fetch mechanism for tasks that aren't really fetching anything.

// AppDelegate.swift

import UIKit
import UserNotifications
import os.log

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder {

    var window: UIWindow?

    /// The URLRequest for seeing if there is data to fetch.

    fileprivate var fetchRequest: URLRequest {
        // create this however appropriate for your app
        var request: URLRequest = ...
        return request
    }

    /// A `OSLog` with my subsystem, so I can focus on my log statements and not those triggered 
    /// by iOS internal subsystems. This isn't necessary (you can omit the `log` parameter to `os_log`,
    /// but it just becomes harder to filter Console for only those log statements this app issued).

    fileprivate let log = OSLog(subsystem: Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier!, category: "log")

}

// MARK: - UIApplicationDelegate

extension AppDelegate: UIApplicationDelegate {

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {

        // turn on background fetch

        application.setMinimumBackgroundFetchInterval(UIApplicationBackgroundFetchIntervalMinimum)

        // issue log statement that app launched

        os_log("didFinishLaunching", log: log)

        // turn on user notifications if you want them

        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().delegate = self

        return true
    }

    func applicationWillEnterForeground(_ application: UIApplication) {
        os_log("applicationWillEnterForeground", log: log)
    }

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, performFetchWithCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UIBackgroundFetchResult) -> Void) {
        os_log("performFetchWithCompletionHandler", log: log)
        processRequest(completionHandler: completionHandler)
    }

}

// MARK: - UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate

extension AppDelegate: UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {

    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, willPresent notification: UNNotification, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
        os_log("willPresent %{public}@", log: log, notification)
        completionHandler(.alert)
    }

    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
        os_log("didReceive %{public}@", log: log, response)
        completionHandler()
    }
}

// MARK: - Various utility methods

extension AppDelegate {

    /// Issue and process request to see if data is available
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - prefix: Some string prefix so I know where request came from (i.e. from ViewController or from background fetch; we'll use this solely for logging purposes.
    ///   - completionHandler: If background fetch, this is the handler passed to us by`performFetchWithCompletionHandler`.

    func processRequest(completionHandler: ((UIBackgroundFetchResult) -> Void)? = nil) {
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: fetchRequest) { data, response, error in

            // since I have so many paths execution, I'll `defer` this so it captures all of them

            var result = UIBackgroundFetchResult.failed
            var message = "Unknown"

            defer {
                self.postNotification(message)
                completionHandler?(result)
            }

            // handle network errors

            guard let data = data, error == nil else {
                message = "Network error: \(error?.localizedDescription ?? "Unknown error")"
                return
            }

            // my web service returns JSON with key of `success` if there's data to fetch, so check for that

            guard
                let json = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data),
                let dictionary = json as? [String: Any],
                let success = dictionary["success"] as? Bool else {
                    message = "JSON parsing failed"
                    return
            }

            // report back whether there is data to fetch or not

            if success {
                result = .newData
                message = "New Data"
            } else {
                result = .noData
                message = "No Data"
            }
        }
        task.resume()
    }

    /// Post notification if app is running in the background.
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///
    ///   - message:           `String` message to be posted.

    func postNotification(_ message: String) {

        // if background fetch, let the user know that there's data for them

        let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
        content.title = "MyApp"
        content.body = message
        let trigger = UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger(timeInterval: 1, repeats: false)
        let notification = UNNotificationRequest(identifier: "timer", content: content, trigger: trigger)
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(notification)

        // for debugging purposes, log message to console

        os_log("%{public}@", log: self.log, message)  // need `public` for strings in order to see them in console ... don't log anything private here like user authentication details or the like
    }

}

import UIKit
import UserNotifications

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // request authorization to perform user notifications

        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization(options: [.sound, .alert]) { granted, error in
            if !granted {
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    let alert = UIAlertController(title: nil, message: "Need notification", preferredStyle: .alert)
                    alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .default, handler: nil))
                    self.present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
                }
            }
        }

        // you actually have to do some request at some point for background fetch to be turned on;
        // you'd do something meaningful here, but I'm just going to do some random request...

        let url = URL(string: "http://example.com")!
        let request = URLRequest(url: url)
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                let alert = UIAlertController(title: nil, message: error?.localizedDescription ?? "Sample request finished", preferredStyle: .alert)
                alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .default, handler: nil))
                self.present(alert, animated: true)
            }
        }
        task.resume()
    }

}