如果我删除注释,有人能解释为什么下面的代码不能编译吗?
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
std::pair<char, std::string> uncons(const std::string & s) {
std::string::size_type len = s.length();
if (len == 1) {
return std::make_pair(s[0], "");
} else if (len > 1) {
return std::make_pair(s[0], s.substr(1));
}
throw "Ooops, empty string";
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream & out, const std::pair<char, std::string> & p) {
if (p.second.length() > 0) {
out << "(\'" << p.first << "\', \"" << p.second << "\")";
}
return out;
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
auto ans = uncons("G4143");
std::vector<std::pair<char, std::string> > vec{ans};
//If I remove the comments below the code fails to compile (GNU's g++14))
/*std::copy
(
vec.begin(),
vec.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<std::pair<char, std::string> >(std::cout, "\n")
);*/
return 0;
}
/*
In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/iterator:66:0,
from main.cpp:6:
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/stream_iterator.h: In instantiation of ‘std::ostream_iterator<_Tp, _CharT, _Traits>& std::ostream_iterator<_Tp, _CharT, _Traits>::operator=(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]’:
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algobase.h:340:18: required from ‘static _OI std::__copy_move<false, false, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::__copy_m(_II, _II, _OI) [with _II = std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >*; _OI = std::ostream_iterator<std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >]’
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algobase.h:402:44: required from ‘_OI std::__copy_move_a(_II, _II, _OI) [with bool _IsMove = false; _II = std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >*; _OI = std::ostream_iterator<std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >]’
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algobase.h:438:45: required from ‘_OI std::__copy_move_a2(_II, _II, _OI) [with bool _IsMove = false; _II = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >*, std::vector<std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > > >; _OI = std::ostream_iterator<std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >]’
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algobase.h:471:8: required from ‘_OI s/stream_iterator.h:198:13: note: ‘const std::pair<char,
....
std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >’ is not derived from ‘const std::piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>’
*_M_stream << __value;
^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/random:51:0,
from /usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algo.h:66,
from /usr/include/c++/5/algorithm:62,
from main.cpp:7:
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/random.tcc:3160:5: note: candidate: template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>&)
operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
^
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/random.tcc:3160:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/iterator:66:0,
from main.cpp:6:
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/stream_iterator.h:198:13: note: ‘const std::pair<char, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >’ is not derived from ‘const std::piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>’
*_M_stream << __value;
*/现在,如果我将std::string部分包装在一个简单的类(MyString)中,那么一切都按预期工作。下面的代码编译时没有问题,并按预期工作。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
class MyString {
public:
MyString(const std::string & s):str(s) {}
std::string str;
};
std::pair<char, MyString> uncons(const std::string & s) {
std::string::size_type len = s.length();
if (len == 1) {
return std::make_pair(s[0], MyString(""));
} else if (len > 1) {
return std::make_pair(s[0], MyString(s.substr(1)));
}
throw "Ooops, empty string";
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream & out, const std::pair<char, MyString> & p) {
if (p.second.str.length() > 0) {
out << "(\'" << p.first << "\', \"" << p.second.str << "\")";
}
return out;
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
auto ans = uncons("G4143");
std::vector<std::pair<char, MyString> > vec{ans};
std::copy
(
vec.begin(),
vec.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<std::pair<char, MyString> >(std::cout, "\n")
);
return 0;
}有人能解释一下为什么会发生这种事吗?我按照建议修改了我的帖子,并试图将错误信息完整地封装在一起,但是论坛不允许编译器拒绝完整的消息。
发布于 2018-02-01 23:41:43
和往常一样,是ADL。
operator<<是通过ADL找到的,因此在关联的命名空间中也是如此。由于std::string的相关名称空间只是名称空间::std (声明名称空间和特性模板参数类型参数),所以必须在该名称空间中定义operator<<重载。
事实上,如果您对它进行了黑客攻击,并强制重载到std命名空间中,那么它就“工作”了:http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/7c2486ae963c2a64。警告,这样做是不合法的。
一旦您在自定义类型中包装,该类型的声明命名空间就会参与ADL查找。
我通常为原语或非用户定义的类型提供自定义流(可选)是创建一个操作器来完成它,参见cast)。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48573137
复制相似问题