下面是示例测试:
import a
import b
import c
import mock
from django.test import TestCase
@mock.patch.object(a, "method_a")
@mock.patch.object(b, "method_b")
@mock.patch.object(c, "method_c")
class SomeTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# I want to set mock_method_a.return_value = 1 once here (or not here, but once)
pass
def test_one(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
mock_method_a.return_value = 1
mock_method_b.return_value = 2
pass # some test stuff
def test_two(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
mock_method_a.return_value = 1
mock_method_b.return_value = 2
pass # some test stuff
def test_three(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
mock_method_a.return_value = 1
mock_method_b.return_value = 2
pass # some test stuff
Queston:
如何避免在每次测试中设置"return_value“的重复代码?
我期望在"setUp“方法或类似的东西。
有可能吗?
PS:模拟版本mock==1.3.0,django版本Django==1.8.4
发布于 2018-08-06 15:19:51
您可以在return_value
装饰器中设置@mock.patch.object()
:
@mock.patch.object(c, "method_c", return_value=3)
@mock.patch.object(b, "method_b", return_value=2)
@mock.patch.object(a, "method_a", return_value=1)
class SomeTestCase(TestCase):
def test_one(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# do test stuff, return values have been set
def test_two(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# do test stuff, return values have been set
def test_three(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# do test stuff, return values have been set
(注意:在用@mock.patch
进行装饰时,装饰器是自下而上应用的,因此要传递mock_method_a
作为第一个参数,您需要将装饰器放在最接近类定义的位置)。
将return_value
关键字参数传递给mock.patch.object()
构造函数。见 documentation
与
patch()
一样,patch.object()
使用任意关键字参数来配置它创建的模拟对象。
Mock
采用几个可选参数来指定Mock
对象的行为:
return_value
:调用模拟时返回的值。默认情况下,这是一个新的Mock
(创建于第一次访问)。请参见return_value
属性。如果您还想避免在测试用例之外设置模拟,或者不喜欢每个测试函数的附加参数,那么您还可以在setUp
方法中创建修补程序,然后在测试结束时通过通过 method注册回调来再次删除该修补程序。
通过调用 methods,为每个测试应用补丁程序,后者返回新的模拟对象:
class SomeTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
patcher_method_a = mock.patch.object(a, "method_a")
self.mock_method_a = patcher_method_a.start()
self.mock_method_a.return_value = 1
patcher_method_b = mock.patch.object(b, "method_b")
self.mock_method_b = patcher_method_b.start()
self.mock_method_b.return_value = 2
patcher_method_c = mock.patch.object(c, "method_c")
self.mock_method_c = patcher_method_c.start()
self.mock_method_c.return_value = 3
# when the test is done, stop **all** patchers
self.addCleanup(mock.patch.stopall)
def test_one(self):
# use self.mock_method_a, etc.
def test_two(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# use self.mock_method_a, etc.
def test_three(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# use self.mock_method_a, etc.
注意,mock.patch.stopall()
方法将停止所有已启动的模拟修补程序。您还可以传递每个修补程序的.stop
属性:
self.addCleanup(patcher_method_a.stop)
self.addCleanup(patcher_method_b.stop)
self.addCleanup(patcher_method_c.stop)
如果您必须创建许多这样的设置,您可以创建一个助手函数来处理重复的部分:
def setup_object_patch(testcase, object, target, return_value, attrname=None):
patcher = mock.patch.object(object, target)
mock = patcher.start()
mock.return_value = return_value
setattr(testcase, attrname or f'mock_{target}', mock)
testcase.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
也许可以在映射的循环中使用这一点:
def setUp(self):
mocks = {
# attribute name on test -> object, target, return_value
'mock_method_a': (a, 'method_a', 1),
'mock_method_b': (b, 'method_b', 2),
'mock_method_c': (c, 'method_c', 3),
}
for attrname, params in mocks.items():
setup_object_patch(*params, attrname=attrname)
patcher.start()
方法中的TestCase.setUp()
方法使继承更容易使用,其中一个基本测试用例被用作多个测试用例的基础,所有这些测试用例都使用相同的共享模拟设置。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51710660
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