Tkinter -调整包含其他小部件的小部件
Tkinter -调整包含其他小部件的小部件
提问于 2018-10-05 11:06:43
我正在尝试构建看起来像
------------------------------| s |
Label-1 | Canvas-1 | c |
------------------------------| r |
Label-2 | Canvas-2 | o |
------------------------------| l |
Label-3 | Canvas-3 | l |
------------------------------| |
. . . | Y |
Label-n | Canvas-n | |
------------------------------| |
| scrollbar-horizontal| |
------------------------------| |有了下面的代码，我就能做到。我唯一缺少的是用Canvas对象调整部件大小的能力，同时维护y-滚动条的功能。我找到了一种通过取消注释self.frame.pack(expand=True, fill='x')来启用调整大小的方法，但是y-滚动条不起作用。此外，我可以让y滚动条工作，但是调整Canvas对象的大小并不完全有效，当我放大窗口时，我可以看到一个空白，如下所示。
也许值得一提的是，代码中的内部Frame使用网格管理器，我尝试使用grid_rowconfigure和grid_columnconfigure来获得我想要的东西。但我没能让它发挥作用。
我想知道如何使两者同时工作。
import tkinter
import tkinter.font
class LineData(object):
def __init__(self, desc, box):
self.desc = desc
self.box = box
class LinePlotter(object):
def __init__(self, label, canvas, desc, box):
self.label = label
self.canvas = canvas
self.desc = desc
self.box = box
def plot(self):
self.label.set(self.desc)
x1, y1 = self.box[0], 1
x2, y2 = self.box[1], 20
self.canvas.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, outline="#D1D0CE",
width=4, fill="#D1D0CE")
self.canvas.create_rectangle(x2+100, y1, x2+(x2-x1)+100, y2, outline="#D1D0CE",
width=4, fill="#D1D0CE")
class Plotter(tkinter.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, lines_data):
super().__init__(root)
self.root = root
self.outer_canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, borderwidth=0, background="#ffffff")
self.frame = tkinter.Frame(self.outer_canvas, background="#ffffff")
self.scrollY = tkinter.Scrollbar(root, orient=tkinter.VERTICAL, command=self.outer_canvas.yview)
self.outer_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollY.set)
self.scrollY.pack(side="right", fill="y", expand=False)
self.outer_canvas.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
self.outer_canvas.create_window((4, 4), window=self.frame, anchor="nw",
tags="self.frame")
# uncommenting this parts allows to resize Canvas part but then y-scroll-bar does not work
# self.frame.pack(expand=True, fill='x')
self.frame.bind("<Configure>", self.onFrameConfigure)
self.lines_data = lines_data
def onFrameConfigure(self, event):
self.outer_canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.outer_canvas.bbox("all"))
def configure_xscroll_bar(self):
x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.canvases[0].bbox(tkinter.ALL)
x1 = y1 = 0
for c in self.canvases:
t1, u1, t2, u2 = c.bbox(tkinter.ALL)
x1 = min(x1, t1)
x2 = max(x2, t2)
y1 = min(y1, u1)
y2 = max(y2, u2)
for c in self.canvases:
c.config(scrollregion=(x1-5, y1-5, x2+5, y2+5))
def xview(self, *args):
for c in self.canvases:
c.xview(*args)
def create_x_scroll_bars(self):
self.scrollX = tkinter.Scrollbar(self.frame, orient=tkinter.HORIZONTAL)
self.scrollX['command'] = self.xview
l = len(self.lines_data)
self.scrollX.grid(row=l, column=1, sticky='NSEW')
def initUI(self):
self.create_x_scroll_bars()
self.canvases = []
h = 40
for row_idx, line_data in enumerate(self.lines_data):
desc = tkinter.StringVar()
font = tkinter.font.Font(size=11)
label = tkinter.Label(self.frame, textvariable=desc, font=font)
label.grid(row=row_idx, column=0, sticky=tkinter.W)
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.frame, bg='white',
xscrollcommand=self.scrollX.set,
height=h)
line = LinePlotter(desc, canvas, line_data.desc, line_data.box)
line.plot()
canvas.grid(row=row_idx, column=1, sticky='NSEW')
self.canvases.append(canvas)
self.configure_xscroll_bar()
# for row_idx in range(len(self.lines_data)+1):
# self.frame.grid_rowconfigure(row_idx, weight=1)
# self.frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
self.pack(expand=True, fill=tkinter.BOTH)
def prepare_data():
lst = []
for i in range(1, 20):
d = "{}".format(i)
x1 = (i+1)*20
x2 = x1+30
l = LineData(d, (x1, x2))
lst.append(l)
return lst
root = tkinter.Tk()
Plotter(root, prepare_data()).initUI()
root.mainloop()
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2018-10-10 07:29:44
我自己也能解决问题，所以让我分享一下是什么让它发挥作用的：
- 不要使用包管理器，而是用于所有的小部件和框架网格管理器；
- 正确使用
sticky选项，以便适当地放置和扩展小部件； - 使用
itemconfig改变函数onFrameConfigure中的帧属性； - 为不同的小部件设置不同的背景色非常有助于了解哪些小部件的行为不像预期的那样。
下面是修改后的工作代码。
import tkinter
import tkinter.font
class LineData(object):
def __init__(self, desc, box):
self.desc = desc
self.box = box
class LinePlotter(object):
def __init__(self, label, canvas, desc, box):
self.label = label
self.canvas = canvas
self.desc = desc
self.box = box
def plot(self):
self.label.set(self.desc)
x1, y1 = self.box[0], 1
x2, y2 = self.box[1], 20
self.canvas.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, outline="#D1D0CE",
width=4, fill="#D1D0CE")
self.canvas.create_rectangle(x2+100, y1, x2+(x2-x1)+100, y2, outline="#D1D0CE",
width=4, fill="#D1D0CE")
class Plotter(tkinter.Frame):
def __init__(self, root, lines_data):
super().__init__(root, background="green")
self.root = root
self.root.grid_columnconfigure(index=0, weight=1)
self.root.grid_rowconfigure(index=0, weight=1)
self.outer_canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, borderwidth=0, background="blue")
self.outer_canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="WENS")
self.scrollY = tkinter.Scrollbar(root, orient=tkinter.VERTICAL, command=self.outer_canvas.yview, background="red")
self.outer_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollY.set)
self.scrollY.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="NSE")
self.frame = tkinter.Frame(self.outer_canvas, background="black")
self.frame_id = self.outer_canvas.create_window((4, 4), window=self.frame, anchor="nw",
tags="self.frame")
self.frame.bind("<Configure>", self.onFrameConfigure)
self.outer_canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.onFrameConfigure)
self.lines_data = lines_data
def onFrameConfigure(self, event):
f_reqsize = (self.frame.winfo_reqwidth(), self.frame.winfo_reqheight())
c_size = (self.outer_canvas.winfo_width(), self.outer_canvas.winfo_height())
f_width = max(f_reqsize[0], c_size[0])
f_height = max(f_reqsize[1], c_size[1])
self.outer_canvas.config(scrollregion=self.outer_canvas.bbox("all"))
self.outer_canvas.itemconfig(self.frame_id, width=f_width, height=f_height)
def configure_xscroll_bar(self):
x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.canvases[0].bbox(tkinter.ALL)
x1 = y1 = 0
for c in self.canvases:
t1, u1, t2, u2 = c.bbox(tkinter.ALL)
x1 = min(x1, t1)
x2 = max(x2, t2)
y1 = min(y1, u1)
y2 = max(y2, u2)
for c in self.canvases:
c.config(scrollregion=(x1-5, y1-5, x2+5, y2+5))
def xview(self, *args):
for c in self.canvases:
c.xview(*args)
def create_x_scroll_bars(self):
self.scrollX = tkinter.Scrollbar(self.frame, orient=tkinter.HORIZONTAL)
self.scrollX['command'] = self.xview
l = len(self.lines_data)
self.scrollX.grid(row=l, column=1, sticky='NSEW')
def initUI(self):
self.create_x_scroll_bars()
self.canvases = []
self.frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
h = 40
for row_idx, line_data in enumerate(self.lines_data):
desc = tkinter.StringVar()
font = tkinter.font.Font(size=11)
label = tkinter.Label(self.frame, textvariable=desc, font=font)
label.grid(row=row_idx, column=0, sticky=tkinter.W)
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.frame, bg='white',
xscrollcommand=self.scrollX.set,
height=h)
line = LinePlotter(desc, canvas, line_data.desc, line_data.box)
line.plot()
canvas.grid(row=row_idx, column=1, sticky='NSEW')
self.canvases.append(canvas)
self.configure_xscroll_bar()
def prepare_data():
lst = []
for i in range(1, 20):
d = "{}".format(i)
x1 = (i+1)*20
x2 = x1+30
l = LineData(d, (x1, x2))
lst.append(l)
return lst
root = tkinter.Tk()
Plotter(root, prepare_data()).initUI()
root.mainloop()页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52664255
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