不久前,我建立了一个systemd服务,以便在网络在线后运行根据文件。这是单元文件:
[Unit]
Description=Refresh Pacman mirrorlist with Reflector.
Documentation=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Reflector
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/reflector @/etc/xdg/reflector/reflector.conf
CacheDirectory=reflector
CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SETUID CAP_SETGID CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN CAP_SYS_PTRACE CAP_CHOWN CAP_FSETID CAP_SETFCAP CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_FOWNER CAP_IPC_OWNER CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_SYS_TIME CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL CAP_AUDIT_READ CAP_AUDIT_WRITE CAP_KILL CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE CAP_NET_BROADCAST CAP_NET_RAW CAP_SYS_NICE CAP_SYS_RESOURCE CAP_MAC_ADMIN CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE CAP_SYS_BOOT CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE CAP_IPC_LOCK CAP_SYS_CHROOT CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND CAP_LEASE CAP_SYS_PACCT CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG CAP_WAKE_ALARM
Environment=XDG_CACHE_HOME=/var/cache/reflector
LockPersonality=true
MemoryDenyWriteExecute=true
NoNewPrivileges=true
PrivateDevices=true
PrivateTmp=true
PrivateUsers=true
ProtectClock=true
ProtectControlGroups=true
ProtectHome=true
ProtectHostname=true
ProtectKernelTunables=true
ProtectKernelLogs=true
ProtectKernelModules=true
ProtectSystem=strict
ReadOnlyPaths=/etc/xdg/reflector/reflector.conf
ReadWritePaths=/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
RemoveIPC=true
RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_AX25 AF_IPX AF_APPLETALK AF_X25 AF_DECnet AF_KEY AF_NETLINK AF_PACKET AF_RDS AF_PPPOX AF_LLC AF_IB AF_MPLS AF_CAN AF_TIPC AF_BLUETOOTH AF_ALG AF_VSOCK AF_KCM AF_UNIX AF_XDP
RestrictNamespaces=true
RestrictRealtime=true
RestrictSUIDSGID=true
SystemCallArchitectures=native
SystemCallFilter=@system-service
SystemCallFilter=~@resources @privileged
UMask=177
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target根据文献资料,应该已经正确地设置了服务,以等待网络连接的建立(即:我登录了,NetworkManager已经连接到WiFi,系统已经被分配了一个IP)。
network-online.target是一个主动等待直到网络“向上”的目标,其中"up“的定义由网络管理软件定义。通常它表示某种配置的、可路由的IP地址。其主要目的是在建立网络之前主动延迟服务的激活。
我还确保启用了NetworkManager-wait-online.service。
$ systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager-wait-online.service systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
enabled
disabled我几乎一看到登录提示,就会在系统控制台上看到一个错误,而不是等到建立了internet连接之后才开始服务。
Jul 05 07:40:02 gadget systemd[1]: Starting Refresh Pacman mirrorlist with Reflector....
Jul 05 07:40:03 gadget reflector[564]: error: failed to retrieve mirrorstatus data: URLError:
Jul 05 07:40:03 gadget systemd[1]: reflector.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jul 05 07:40:03 gadget systemd[1]: reflector.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 05 07:40:03 gadget systemd[1]: Failed to start Refresh Pacman mirrorlist with Reflector..由于应该等待网络联机和DNS可用,我还检查了NetworkManager-wait-online.service、network-online.target和nss-lookup.target的状态:
$ systemctl status NetworkManager-wait-online.service
● NetworkManager-wait-online.service - Network Manager Wait Online
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-wait-online.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since Mon 2021-07-05 07:40:02 CEST; 44min ago
Docs: man:nm-online(1)
Main PID: 544 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 0 (limit: 38321)
Memory: 0B
CPU: 0
CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager-wait-online.service
Jul 05 07:40:02 gadget systemd[1]: Starting Network Manager Wait Online...
Jul 05 07:40:02 gadget systemd[1]: Finished Network Manager Wait Online.
$ systemctl status network-online.target
● network-online.target - Network is Online
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/network-online.target; static)
Active: active since Mon 2021-07-05 07:40:02 CEST; 1h 5min ago
Docs: man:systemd.special(7)
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget
Jul 05 07:40:02 gadget systemd[1]: Reached target Network is Online.
$ systemctl status nss-lookup.target
○ nss-lookup.target - Host and Network Name Lookups
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nss-lookup.target; static)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:systemd.special(7)我觉得奇怪的是,NetworkManager-wait-online.service报告一开始就完成了。还有什么我需要配置的吗?这是NetworkManager和/或nm-online中的一个bug吗?
我寻找过类似的话题,并发现了这些问题,但它们没有回答我的问题:
发布于 2021-07-05 11:34:18
“网络在线”的含义是模糊的,网络在线,目标只是模糊了“网络在线”最基本的含义。有关更完整的解释,请参见https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget。
您需要精确地确定您需要在网络中启动哪些服务,以及哪些服务需要为您的服务正确工作,或者将它们作为依赖项添加,或者在服务启动序列中添加测试以等待它们。
正如上面的页面最后所述,最好是调整您的服务,使其能够处理网络配置的动态更改,而不是在没有完全按照预期的情况下失败。
发布于 2021-07-05 07:51:17
检查systemd-解析式服务中的Before=nss-lookup.target依赖项。应该管用的。
然后再检查一遍以确保:
systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager-wait-online.service systemd-networkd-wait-online.servicehttps://serverfault.com/questions/1068662
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