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社区首页 >问答首页 >处理更新时遇到的错误

问处理更新时遇到的错误
EN

Ask Ubuntu用户
提问于 2022-11-08 12:17:44
回答 1查看 2.4K关注 0票数 0

在一个全新的服务器上，我试图运行更新和升级，但我得到两个软件包弹出一个错误。

具体地说：

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~ # apt update && apt -y upgrade && apt -y install curl wget sudo
Hit:1 http://mirror.hetzner.com/ubuntu/packages jammy InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirror.hetzner.com/ubuntu/packages jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirror.hetzner.com/ubuntu/packages jammy-backports InRelease
Hit:4 http://mirror.hetzner.com/ubuntu/packages jammy-security InRelease
Hit:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Hit:6 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:7 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:8 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [99.8 kB]
Fetched 214 kB in 0s (442 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
#
# News about significant security updates, features and services will
# appear here to raise awareness and perhaps tease /r/Linux ;)
# Use 'pro config set apt_news=false' to hide this and future APT news.
#
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up grub-efi-amd64-signed (1.182~22.04.1+2.06-2ubuntu10) ...
mount: /var/lib/grub/esp: special device /dev/sda15 does not exist.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 installed grub-efi-amd64-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 32
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of shim-signed:
 shim-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64-signed | grub-efi-arm64-signed; however:
  Package grub-efi-amd64-signed is not configured yet.
  Package grub-efi-arm64-signed is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
 shim-signed
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

在这里和堆栈交换中都找到了几种解决方案，建议运行以下内容：

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sudo apt-get purge grub\*
sudo apt-get install grub-efi
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo update-grub

但是，只运行第一行，我得到以下信息：

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~ # sudo apt-get purge grub\*
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'grub-rescue-pc' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-xen' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub2' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-splashimages' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grubzfs-testsuite' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-coreboot' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-legacy-doc' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-legacy-ec2' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-emu-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-pc-bin' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-pc-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-gfxpayload-lists' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-xen-host' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub2-themes-ubuntustudio' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-ieee1275-bin' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-cloud-amd64' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-ieee1275-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-imageboot' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-arm64' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-amd64' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-arm' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-yeeloong' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-ipxe' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-firmware-qemu' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-coreboot-bin' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-arm64-signed' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-coreboot-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-theme-starfield' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-amd64-bin' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub2-common' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-legacy' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-amd64-signed-template' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-amd64-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-ieee1275' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-uboot' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-common' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub2-splashimages' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-ia32-bin' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-ia32-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub2-themes-ubuntu-mate' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-invaders' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-linuxbios' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-xen-bin' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-ia32' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi-ia64' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-xen-dbg' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-pc' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-doc' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-efi' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-emu' for glob 'grub*'
Note, selecting 'grub-theme-breeze' for glob 'grub*'
Package 'grub-efi-ia64' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-yeeloong' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-legacy' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-legacy-doc' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-cloud-amd64' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-doc' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-arm' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-arm64' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-uboot' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-arm64-signed' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-ia32' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-ia32-bin' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-ia32-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-ieee1275' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-ieee1275-bin' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-ieee1275-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-ipxe' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-legacy-ec2' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-pc-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-xen' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-xen-bin' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-xen-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-coreboot' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-coreboot-bin' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-coreboot-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-amd64-signed-template' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-emu' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-emu-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-firmware-qemu' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-imageboot' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-invaders' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-linuxbios' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-rescue-pc' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-splashimages' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-theme-breeze' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-theme-starfield' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-xen-host' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub2' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub2-splashimages' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub2-themes-ubuntu-mate' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub2-themes-ubuntustudio' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grubzfs-testsuite' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'grub-efi-amd64-dbg' is not installed, so not removed
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 shim-signed : Depends: grub-efi-amd64-signed but it is not going to be installed or
                        grub-efi-arm64-signed but it is not installable
               Depends: grub2-common (>= 2.04-1ubuntu24) but it is not going to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

我甚至试图运行其余的命令，但没有什么真正的改变。我被这个恼人的错误困住了。

尝试删除shim签名，以便我可以删除grub并重新安装它：

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 ~ # apt remove grub-efi-amd64-signed shim-signed -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  grub-efi-amd64-signed shim-signed
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
  shim-signed grub-efi-amd64-signed (due to shim-signed)
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 8,603 kB disk space will be freed.
E: Removing essential system-critical packages is not permitted. This might break the system.

尝试配置dpkg：

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 ~ # sudo dpkg --configure -a
Setting up grub-efi-amd64-signed (1.182~22.04.1+2.06-2ubuntu10) ...
mount: /var/lib/grub/esp: special device /dev/sda15 does not exist.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 installed grub-efi-amd64-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 32
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of shim-signed:
 shim-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64-signed | grub-efi-arm64-signed; however:
  Package grub-efi-amd64-signed is not configured yet.
  Package grub-efi-arm64-signed is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
 shim-signed

所有这些都是在Hetzner托管的一个裸金属服务器上进行的。

更新：@有机大理石提供帮助(谢谢)，并要求efi旗帜的ssds。根据建议，我使用了parted -l，结果如下：

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Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 512GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  34.4GB  34.4GB  primary               raid
 2      34.4GB  35.4GB  1074MB  primary               raid
 3      35.4GB  512GB   477GB   primary               raid


Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md2: 477GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End    Size   File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  477GB  477GB  ext4


Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md0: 34.3GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags
 1      0.00B  34.3GB  34.3GB  linux-swap(v1)


Model: SAMSUNG MZVL2512HCJQ-00B00 (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 512GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  34.4GB  34.4GB  primary               raid
 2      34.4GB  35.4GB  1074MB  primary               raid
 3      35.4GB  512GB   477GB   primary               raid


Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md1: 1072MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  1072MB  1072MB  ext3
apt
server
grub2
dpkg
grub-efi
EN

回答 1

Ask Ubuntu用户

发布于 2022-11-16 00:48:59

在Hetzner托管的裸金属服务器上，我也遇到了同样的问题。

我的服务器设置是自定义的(增加了2个额外的SSD)

我的分区设置也是自定义的。我已经使用LVM合并了所有驱动器的容量。

我的解决方案是手动编辑/var/cache/debconf/config.dat，并在文件中找到不再缓存旧的守护名的位置，并删除每个块。(删除整段由空行分隔的段落)

我删除的区块列表：

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Name: grub-efi/install_devices
Template: grub-efi/install_devices
Value: /dev/sda15
Owners: grub-common, grub-efi-amd64, grub-pc
Flags: seen
Variables:
 CHOICES = /dev/sda2 (268 MB; /boot/efi) on 4194 MB QEMU_HARDDISK
 RAW_CHOICES = /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-0QEMU_QEMU_HARDDISK_drive0-part2

Name: grub-efi/install_devices_disks_changed
Template: grub-efi/install_devices_disks_changed
Value: /dev/sda15
Owners: grub-common, grub-efi-amd64
Flags: seen
Variables:
 CHOICES = 
 RAW_CHOICES = 

Name: grub-efi/partition_description
Template: grub-efi/partition_description
Owners: grub-common, grub-efi-amd64
Variables:
 DEVICE = /dev/sda2
 DISK_MODEL = QEMU_HARDDISK
 DISK_SIZE = 4194
 PATH = /boot/efi
 SIZE = 268

然后我运行了以下命令(请选择“是”，以防止继续使用grub设置)

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sudo apt install -f

最后：

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update-grub

它帮我解决了问题。看起来它与Hetzner脚本和它在安装过程中创建的缓存有关，以及安装后我添加的对逻辑驱动器映射的更改。

票数 3
EN
页面原文内容由Ask Ubuntu提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1439707

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