问我如何测试一台用过的计算机的问题？

EN

inxi --admin --verbosity=7 --filter --width #<- Lists your complete system specs
lshw #<- Lists your complete system specs, sudo recommended
hwinfo > hwinfo.txt #<-Writes your hardware info in extreme detail to hwinfo.txt

hardinfo #<- A pretty good GUI system information utility, also offers benchmarks.
i-nex #<- Similar to CPU-Z on windows
lshw-gtk <- GUI for lshw

cat /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/board_{vendor,name,version} #<- Lists your motherboard details.
lspci -Q #<- Lists all your internal hardware and checks online for missing/updated names.
lspci -v | grep "VGA controller" #<- Displays your currently active graphics card. Very useful on laptops with hybrid/switchable graphics. (Typically this is the integrated card unless you have configured it otherwise)
lspci -v | grep "3D controller" #<- Displays your Nvidia Dedicated GPU. For laptops with hybrid/switchable graphics.
lspci -v | grep "Display controller" #<- Displays your ATI/AMD Dedicated GPU. For laptops with hybrid/switchable graphics.
lsusb #<- Lists all your USB hardware.
lscpu #<- Lists detailed processor info (alternative: cat /proc/cpuinfo )
fdisk -l #<- Lists your hard drives and partitions (may requires sudo access).
free -h --si #<- Lists your memory information, total is your total, available is your total free memory.
cat /proc/meminfo #<- Much more detailed info on your memory
ip link #<- lists your network devices and their status

cat /proc/kmsg | grep -i Error #<-Lists errors detected by the kernel (often hardware related ones), probably requires sudo access.

sensors-detect #<-Detect sensors on your pc; you only need to do this once. Requires sudo.
sensors #<-Display current values for known sensors on your pc

dd if=/dev/zero of=$HOME/testfile bs=1G count=1 conv=fdatasync oflag=direct #<- Measures throughput of your hard drive (whichever one has your home folder on it).
hdparm -Tt /dev/sdx #<- Gives read speed information on hard drive sdx. I won't cover this in more detail, but you can look for guides on it.
smartctl -Hic /dev/sdx #<- Gives basic info of hard drive sdx and runs an overall health assesment. (If the assessment fails either the drive has failed or is in the process of failing) it then lists the drives SMART capabilities.
smartctl -t short /dev/sdx #<- Runs a short SMART test (cannot be run on a mounted drive (some drives support offline data collection and can automatically run the test on shutdown))

memtester 1024 5 #<- Sets aside 1GB(1024MB) free memory, and runs tests on it 5 times, then displays results.

iperf -s #<- Starts iperf server (run this on the device you want to connect to, yes, as I said you need another computer for this)
iperf -c <address of server computer> #<- Connects and displays transfer rate information.
nc -vvlnp 12345 >/dev/null #<- Starts a netcat server (requires open firewall port for port 12345 if you have a strict firewall)
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=1K | nc -vvn <server IP address> 12345

acpi -ib #<- Lists battery status, basic specs and gives an idea of it's health (shows it's charge level last time it was "full")
upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0 #<- Should provide detailed battery information.

speaker-test -c 6 -t wav #<- Runs test sound on 6 speaker channels (for 5.1 speaker setup, you can use -c 2 for stereo speakers), just to see what happens.
speaker-test -r 96000 -f S32LE #<- Test stereo wav sound at 32-bit on 96khz frequencies. You can use this to test the maximum supported format and frequency (for example, while you sepcify 32-bit format, it may set to 16-bit format, if it does this then it will say so so read the output)
aplay -l #<- Lists sound output devices.
speaker-test -D hw:0,0 -c 4 -r 48000 -t wav #<- Test on specific hard ware device 0,0 at 4 channels with 48khz rate.
arecord -l #<- Lists recording devices.
arecord -f dat -d 20 -D hw:0,0 test.wav #<- Test specific recording device by outputting to a file in basic DAT quality
aplay -f dat test.wav #<- Play the recorded test file.