为什么使用一个版本的MSBuild构建时会引发从另一个版本的MSBuild中查找程序集的错误？
为什么使用一个版本的MSBuild构建时会引发从另一个版本的MSBuild中查找程序集的错误？
提问于 2020-10-30 02:37:23
我的代码库包含大约30个解决方案。这些解决方案中的大多数项目都是(C#) .NET框架，但最近我添加了一些.NET标准2.0和.NET核心3.1项目。所有解决方案中的所有项目在Visual Studio 2019中都可以很好地构建-只需单击“构建”即可构建。
所有解决方案中的所有项目都构建在Azure DevOps中(...although配置构建管道以达到这一点是痛苦的)。
为了方便起见，我编写了一个简单的工具，它将使用Microsoft.Build NuGet包来遍历代码库中的所有解决方案并构建它们。这将允许我快速检查我是否在一个解决方案中做了任何更改，破坏了另一个解决方案中的某些东西(例如，在共享项目中)，而不会引起我的注意。这就是麻烦开始的地方。
.NET框架项目都构建得很好。但是，在构建任何.NET核心项目时，我都会遇到构建错误。它们在不同的项目中略有不同，但都包含一些类似于以下内容的错误：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v16.0\VSSDK\Microsoft.VsSDK.targets(583,5):
error MSB4018: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.Build, Version=14.0.0.0,
Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' or one of its dependencies.
The system cannot find the file specified.在某些情况下，可能是Microsoft.Build.Framework而不是Microsoft Build，或者可能是版本15.0.0.0而不是14.0.0.0，并且总是存在其他错误，这些错误是由于无法找到它正在查找的程序集而引起的；但这似乎是问题的核心。
Microsoft.Build Nuget包的版本为16.7.0。唯一安装的MSBuild版本是与Visual Studio2019版本16.7.6一起安装的版本，我认为是16.7.0。没有任何受影响的项目对旧版本的MSBuild有任何明显的依赖性，例如在项目中他们的ToolsVersion="16.0"，不管怎样，如果项目有什么问题，它不会在Visual Studio中构建-更不用说，其中一些是直到最近几天才全新的。
那么，为什么有些东西(？)当我使用当前版本的Microsoft.Build程序集构建，并且项目都是正确的，并且它们都是在Visual Studio中构建的时候，决定寻找旧版本的Microsoft.Build程序集(并且失败)？或者-我怎么才能自己找出答案？
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2020-11-02 08:03:48
这很正常，因为构建一个复杂的项目(及其依赖项)可以将许多MSBuild扩展加载到内存中，这可能依赖于另一个(通常更老的)版本的MSBuild程序集。
这就是微软的MSBuild.exe.config包含程序集重定向的原因，如下所示(你也应该这样做)，
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="msbuildToolsets" type="Microsoft.Build.Evaluation.ToolsetConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Build, Version=15.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
</configSections>
<startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true">
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6" />
</startup>
<runtime>
<DisableFXClosureWalk enabled="true" />
<DeferFXClosureWalk enabled="true" />
<generatePublisherEvidence enabled="false" />
<AppContextSwitchOverrides value="Switch.System.Security.Cryptography.UseLegacyFipsThrow=false" />
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.Framework" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.Conversion.Core" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Core" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.Engine" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.Conversion.Core" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-99.9.9.9" newVersion="15.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<!-- Redirects for components dropped by Visual Studio -->
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Activities.Build" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="4.0.0.0" newVersion="16.0.0.0" />
<codeBase version="16.0.0.0" href=".\amd64\Microsoft.Activities.Build.dll" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="XamlBuildTask" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="4.0.0.0-16.0.0.0" newVersion="16.0.0.0" />
<codeBase version="16.0.0.0" href=".\amd64\XamlBuildTask.dll" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Build.CPPTasks.Common" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="16.0.0.0-16.7.0.0" newVersion="16.7.0.0" />
<codeBase version="16.7.0.0" href="..\..\Microsoft\VC\v160\Microsoft.Build.CPPTasks.Common.dll" />
</dependentAssembly>
<!-- Workaround for crash in C++ CodeAnalysis scenarios due to https://github.com/Microsoft/msbuild/issues/1675 -->
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="FxCopTask" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<codeBase version="16.0.0.0" href="..\..\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v16.0\CodeAnalysis\FxCopTask.dll" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeAnalysis" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<codeBase version="16.0.0.0" href="..\..\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v16.0\CodeAnalysis\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeAnalysis.dll" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeAnalysis.Sdk" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
<codeBase version="16.0.0.0" href="..\..\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v16.0\CodeAnalysis\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeAnalysis.Sdk.dll" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Buffers" publicKeyToken="cc7b13ffcd2ddd51" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.3.0" newVersion="4.0.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Numerics.Vectors" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.4.0" newVersion="4.1.4.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.6.0" newVersion="4.0.6.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.ValueTuple" publicKeyToken="cc7b13ffcd2ddd51" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.3.0" newVersion="4.0.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
<!-- To define one or more new toolsets, add an 'msbuildToolsets' element in this file. -->
<msbuildToolsets default="Current">
<toolset toolsVersion="Current">
<property name="MSBuildToolsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::GetCurrentToolsDirectory())" />
<property name="MSBuildToolsPath32" value="$([MSBuild]::GetToolsDirectory32())" />
<property name="MSBuildToolsPath64" value="$([MSBuild]::GetToolsDirectory64())" />
<property name="MSBuildSDKsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::GetMSBuildSDKsPath())" />
<property name="FrameworkSDKRoot" value="$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\NETFXSDK\4.8@InstallationFolder)" />
<property name="MSBuildRuntimeVersion" value="4.0.30319" />
<property name="MSBuildFrameworkToolsPath" value="$(SystemRoot)\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v$(MSBuildRuntimeVersion)\" />
<property name="MSBuildFrameworkToolsPath32" value="$(SystemRoot)\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v$(MSBuildRuntimeVersion)\" />
<property name="MSBuildFrameworkToolsPath64" value="$(SystemRoot)\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v$(MSBuildRuntimeVersion)\" />
<property name="MSBuildFrameworkToolsRoot" value="$(SystemRoot)\Microsoft.NET\Framework\" />
<property name="SDK35ToolsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::GetRegistryValueFromView('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v8.0A\WinSDK-NetFx35Tools-x86', 'InstallationFolder', null, RegistryView.Registry32))" />
<property name="SDK40ToolsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::GetRegistryValueFromView('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\NETFXSDK\4.8\WinSDK-NetFx40Tools-x86', 'InstallationFolder', null, RegistryView.Registry32))" />
<property name="WindowsSDK80Path" value="$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v8.1@InstallationFolder)" />
<property name="VsInstallRoot" value="$([MSBuild]::GetVsInstallRoot())" />
<property name="MSBuildToolsRoot" value="$(VsInstallRoot)\MSBuild" />
<property name="MSBuildExtensionsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::GetMSBuildExtensionsPath())" />
<property name="MSBuildExtensionsPath32" value="$([MSBuild]::GetMSBuildExtensionsPath())" />
<property name="RoslynTargetsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::GetToolsDirectory32())\Roslyn" />
<!-- VC Specific Paths -->
<property name="VCTargetsPath" value="$([MSBuild]::ValueOrDefault('$(VCTargetsPath)','$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VC\v160\'))" />
<property name="VCTargetsPath14" value="$([MSBuild]::ValueOrDefault('$(VCTargetsPath14)','$([MSBuild]::GetProgramFiles32())\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V140\'))" />
<property name="VCTargetsPath12" value="$([MSBuild]::ValueOrDefault('$(VCTargetsPath12)','$([MSBuild]::GetProgramFiles32())\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V120\'))" />
<property name="VCTargetsPath11" value="$([MSBuild]::ValueOrDefault('$(VCTargetsPath11)','$([MSBuild]::GetProgramFiles32())\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V110\'))" />
<property name="VCTargetsPath10" value="$([MSBuild]::ValueOrDefault('$(VCTargetsPath10)','$([MSBuild]::GetProgramFiles32())\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\'))" />
<property name="AndroidTargetsPath" value="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\MDD\Android\V150\" />
<property name="iOSTargetsPath" value="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\MDD\iOS\V150\" />
<projectImportSearchPaths>
<searchPaths os="windows">
<property name="MSBuildExtensionsPath" value="$(MSBuildProgramFiles32)\MSBuild" />
<property name="MSBuildExtensionsPath32" value="$(MSBuildProgramFiles32)\MSBuild" />
<property name="MSBuildExtensionsPath64" value="$(MSBuildProgramFiles32)\MSBuild" />
<property name="VSToolsPath" value="$(MSBuildProgramFiles32)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)" />
</searchPaths>
</projectImportSearchPaths>
</toolset>
</msbuildToolsets>
</configuration>页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64597274
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