blocks|key|3183858|text|它只是指示文件的末尾没有换行符。这不是灾难，这只是一条消息，目的是让我们在查看命令行中的diff时更清楚地知道没有灾难。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3183859|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

It just indicates that the end of the file doesn't have a newline. It's not a catastrophe it's just a message to make it clearer that there isn't one when looking at a diff in the command line.

blocks|key|268480|text|它表明您在文件末尾没有换行符(通常为'\n'，也称为CR或CRLF)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|268481|也就是说，简单地说，文件中的最后一个字节(如果使用Windows，则为字节)不是换行符。|268482|显示该消息是因为否则无法区分末尾有换行符的文件和没有换行符的文件之间的区别。Diff必须输出换行符，否则结果将很难自动读取或处理。|268483|请注意，如果文件格式允许，则始终将换行符作为最后一个字符是一种很好的样式。此外，例如，对于C和C%2B%2B头文件，这是语言标准所要求的。|268484|entityMap^0|I|4|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@$9|O|A|P|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|M|$]]

It indicates that you do not have a newline (usually <code>'\n'</code>, aka CR or CRLF) at the end of file.

That is, simply speaking, the last byte (or bytes if you're on Windows) in the file is not a newline.

The message is displayed because otherwise there is no way to tell the difference between a file where there is a newline at the end and one where is not. Diff has to output a newline anyway, or the result would be harder to read or process automatically.

Note that it is a good style to always put the newline as a last character if it is allowed by the file format. Furthermore, for example, for C and C++ header files it is required by the language standard.

blocks|key|272092|text|核心问题是定义行的内容，以及行结束字符序列是否是行的一部分。基于UNIX的编辑器(如VIM)或工具(如Git)使用EOL字符序列作为行终止符，因此它是行的一部分。它类似于在C和Pascal中使用分号(;)。在C中，分号终止语句，在Pascal中，分号将语句分隔。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|272093|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

The core problem is what you define line and whether end-on-line
character sequence is part of the line or not. UNIX-based editors
(such as VIM) or tools (such as Git) use EOL character sequence as
line terminator, therefore it's a part of the line. It's similar to
use of semicolon (;) in C and Pascal. In C semicolon terminates
statements, in Pascal it separates them.

blocks|key|270528|text|如果您在现有文件的末尾添加了新的文本行，而该文件的末尾还没有newline+character，则diff将显示旧的最后一行已被修改，即使在概念上它没有被修改。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|270529|这至少是在最后添加newline+character的一个很好的理由。|270530|示例|270531|文件包含：|270532|A()+{
++++//+do+something
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|270533|十六进制转储：|270534|00000000:+4128+2920+7b0a+2020+2020+2f2f+2064+6f20++A()+{.++++//+do+
00000010:+736f+6d65+7468+696e+670a+7d++++++++++++++something.}|270535|现在将其编辑为|270536|A()+{
++++//+do+something
}
//+Useful+comment|270537|270538|00000000:+4128+2920+7b0a+2020+2020+2f2f+2064+6f20++A()+{.++++//+do+
00000010:+736f+6d65+7468+696e+670a+7d0a+2f2f+2055++something.}.//+U
00000020:+7365+6675+6c20+636f+6d6d+656e+742e+0a++++seful+comment..|270539|git+diff将显示：|270540|-}
\+No+newline+at+end+of+file
%2B}
%2B//+Useful+comment.|270541|换句话说，它显示出比概念上发生的更大的差异。它显示您删除了行}并添加了行}\n。事实上，这是发生了什么，但它不是概念上发生的事情，所以它可能会令人困惑。|270542|entityMap^0|U|H|0|9|H|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|U|1|10|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|19|8|@$9|1A|A|1B|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1C|8|@$9|1D|A|1E|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|N|7|1H|8|@]|D|@]|E|$O|P]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|N|7|1J|8|@]|D|@]|E|$O|P]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|N|7|1L|8|@]|D|@]|E|$O|P]]|$1|Y|3|R|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|N|7|1N|8|@]|D|@]|E|$O|P]]|$1|11|3|12|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|13|3|14|5|N|7|1P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$O|P]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|1Q|8|@$9|1R|A|1S|B|C]|$9|1T|A|1U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|17|3|-4|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|18|$]]

If you add a new line of text at the end of the existing file which does not already have a <code>newline character</code> at the end, the diff will show the old last line as having been modified, even though conceptually it wasn’t.

This is at least one good reason to add a <code>newline character</code> at the end.

<h3>Example</h3>

A file contains:

<pre><code>A() {
 // do something
}
</code></pre>

Hexdump:

<pre><code>00000000: 4128 2920 7b0a 2020 2020 2f2f 2064 6f20 A() {. // do 
00000010: 736f 6d65 7468 696e 670a 7d something.}
</code></pre>

You now edit it to

<pre><code>A() {
 // do something
}
// Useful comment
</code></pre>

Hexdump:

<pre><code>00000000: 4128 2920 7b0a 2020 2020 2f2f 2064 6f20 A() {. // do 
00000010: 736f 6d65 7468 696e 670a 7d0a 2f2f 2055 something.}.// U
00000020: 7365 6675 6c20 636f 6d6d 656e 742e 0a seful comment..
</code></pre>

The git diff will show:

<pre><code>-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+// Useful comment.
</code></pre>

In other words, it shows a larger diff than conceptually occurred. It shows that you deleted the line <code>}</code> and added the line <code>}\n</code>. This is, in fact, what happened, but it’s not what conceptually happened, so it can be confusing.

blocks|key|2970128|text|这实际上会造成问题，因为行结束符会自动修改脏文件，而不会对它们进行任何更改。请看这篇文章来解决这个问题。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2970129|git+replacing+LF+with+CRLF|offset|length|2970130|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1967370/git-replacing-lf-with-crlf^0|0|0|Q|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

This actually does cause a problem because line endings are automatically modified dirtying files without making any changes to them. See this post for resolution.

<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1967370/git-replacing-lf-with-crlf">git replacing LF with CRLF</a>

blocks|key|272107|text|这不仅仅是糟糕的风格，当在文件上使用其他工具时，它可能会导致意外的行为。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|272108|这是test.txt|offset|length|style|CODE|272109|first+line
second+line|code-block|syntax|javascript|272110|最后一行没有换行符。让我们看看文件中有多少行：|272111|$+wc+-l+test.txt
1+test.txt|272112|也许这就是您想要的，但在大多数情况下，您可能希望文件中有2行代码。|272113|此外，如果你想组合文件，它的行为可能不会像你预期的那样：|272114|$+cat+test.txt+test.txt
first+line
second+linefirst+line
second+line|272115|最后，如果您要添加新行，它会使diffs变得更加嘈杂。如果添加了第三行，则会显示对第二行的编辑以及新添加的内容。|272116|entityMap^0|0|2|8|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|11|8|@$D|12|E|13|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|J|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|Z|$]]

It's not just bad style, it can lead to unexpected behavior when using other tools on the file.

Here is <code>test.txt</code>:

<pre><code>first line
second line
</code></pre>

There is no newline character on the last line. Let's see how many lines are in the file:

<pre><code>$ wc -l test.txt
1 test.txt
</code></pre>

Maybe that's what you want, but in most cases you'd probably expect there to be 2 lines in the file.

Also, if you wanted to combine files it may not behave the way you'd expect:

<pre><code>$ cat test.txt test.txt
first line
second linefirst line
second line
</code></pre>

Finally, it would make your diffs slightly more noisy if you were to add a new line. If you added a third line, it would show an edit to the second line as well as the new addition.

blocks|key|3183903|text|您的原始文件可能没有换行符。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3183904|然而，一些编辑器，如linux中的gedit，会在文件末尾默默地添加换行符。在使用这种编辑器时，您无法摆脱此消息。|offset|length|style|BOLD|3183905|我试图解决这个问题的是用visual+studio+code+editor打开文件|3183906|这个编辑器清楚地显示了最后一行，您可以根据需要删除该行。|3183907|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://code.visualstudio.com/^0|0|H|5|0|C|P|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@$D|V|E|W|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$D|Y|E|Z|1|10]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]]]

Your original file probably had no newline character.

However, some editors like gedit in linux silently adds newline at end of file. You cannot get rid of this message while using this kind of editors.

What I tried to overcome this issue is to open file with <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" rel="nofollow">visual studio code editor</a>

This editor clearly shows the last line and you can delete the line as you wish.

blocks|key|3183912|text|无论如何，当我在苹果电脑上创建了一个IntelliJ项目，然后将该项目转移到我的Windows机上时，我遇到了这个问题。我必须手动打开每个文件并更改IntelliJ窗口右下角的编码设置。大多数读过这个问题的人可能不会遇到这种情况，但这可能会节省我几个小时的工作……|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3183913|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

For what it's worth, I encountered this when I created an IntelliJ project on a Mac, and then moved the project over to my Windows machine. I had to manually open every file and change the encoding setting at the bottom right of the IntelliJ window. Probably not happening to most if any who read this question but that could have saved me a couple of hours of work...

blocks|key|270592|text|唯一的原因是Unix在历史上有一个惯例，即所有人类可读的文本文件都以换行符结尾。当时，这避免了在显示或连接文本文件时进行额外的处理，并避免了将文本文件与包含其他类型数据(例如不可读的原始二进制数据)的文件区别对待。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|270593|由于这种约定，那个时代的许多工具都期望结束换行符，包括文本编辑器、差异工具和其他文本处理工具。Mac是在BSD+Unix上构建的，而Linux是为了与Unix兼容而开发的，因此这两个操作系统继承了相同的约定、行为和工具。|270594|Windows不是为了与Unix兼容而开发的，所以它没有相同的约定，并且大多数Windows软件可以很好地处理没有尾随的换行符。|270595|但是，由于Git首先是为Linux开发的，而且许多开源软件都是在Linux、most、FreeBSD等与Unix兼容的系统上构建的，所以大多数开源社区及其工具(包括编程语言)继续遵循这些约定。|270596|有一些技术原因在1971年是有意义的，但在这个时代，它主要是约定和保持与现有工具的兼容性。|270597|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$]]

The only reason is that Unix historically had a convention of all human-readable text files ending in a newline. At the time, this avoided extra processing when displaying or joining text files, and avoided treating text files differently to files containing other kinds of data (eg raw binary data which isn't human-readable).

Because of this convention, many tools from that era expect the ending newline, including text editors, diffing tools, and other text processing tools. Mac OS X was built on BSD Unix, and Linux was developed to be Unix-compatible, so both operating systems have inherited the same convention, behaviour and tools.

Windows wasn't developed to be Unix-compatible, so it doesn't have the same convention, and most Windows software will deal just fine with no trailing newline.

But, since Git was developed for Linux first, and a lot of open-source software is built on Unix-compatible systems like Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, etc, most open-source communities and their tools (including programming languages) continue to follow these conventions.

There are technical reasons which made sense in 1971, but in this era it's mostly convention and maintaining compatibility with existing tools.

blocks|key|2970209|text|源文件通常由工具(C、C%2B%2B：头文件、Javascript:+bundler)连接在一起。如果省略换行符，可能会引入讨厌的bug(其中一个源文件的最后一行与下一个源文件的第一行连接在一起)。希望所有的源代码连接工具都会在连接的文件之间插入一个换行符，但情况并不总是这样。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2970210|问题的症结在于-在大多数语言中，换行符具有语义含义，并且文件结束不是换行符的语言定义的替代。因此，您应该以换行符结束每个语句/表达式--包括最后一个。|2970211|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Source files are often concatenated by tools (C, C++: header files, Javascript: bundlers). If you omit the newline character, you could introduce nasty bugs (where the last line of one source is concatenated with the first line of the next source file). Hopefully all the source code concat tools out there insert a newline between concatenated files anyway but that doesn't always seem to be the case.

The crux of the issue is - in most languages, newlines have semantic meaning and end-of-file is not a language defined alternative for the newline character. So you ought to terminate every statement/expression with a newline character -- including the last one.

blocks|key|270599|text|有一件事是我在之前的回复中没有看到的。当文件的一部分已被截断时，有关无行尾的警告可能是警告。这可能是数据丢失的症状。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|270600|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

There is one thing that I don't see in previous responses. Warning about no end-of-line could be a warning when a portion of a file has been truncated. It could be a symptom of missing data.

blocks|key|2970225|text|之所以采用这种约定，是因为在类UNIX操作系统上，换行符被视为行终止符和/或消息边界(这包括进程之间的管道、行缓冲等)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2970226|例如，假设只有一个换行符的文件被视为单个空行。相反，长度为零字节的文件实际上是零行的空文件。这可以根据wc+-l命令进行确认。|offset|length|style|CODE|2970227|总而言之，这种行为是合理的，因为如果\n字符只是一个行分隔符而不是行终止符，那么就没有其他方法来区分空文本文件和只有一个空行的文本文件。因此，有效的文本文件应始终以换行符结尾。唯一的例外是如果文本文件是空的(没有行)。|2970228|entityMap^0|0|1F|5|0|I|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|M|8|@$D|N|E|O|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|P|8|@$D|Q|E|R|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$]]

The reason this convention came into practice is because on UNIX-like operating systems a newline character is treated as a line terminator and/or message boundary (this includes piping between processes, line buffering, etc.).

Consider, for example, that a file with just a newline character is treated as a single, empty line. Conversely, a file with a length of zero bytes is actually an empty file with zero lines. This can be confirmed according to the <code>wc -l</code> command.

Altogether, this behavior is reasonable because there would be no other way to distinguish between an empty text file versus a text file with a single empty line if the <code>\n</code> character was merely a line-separator rather than a line-terminator. Thus, valid text files should always end with a newline character. The only exception is if the text file is intended to be empty (no lines).

blocks|key|2970230|text|ubuntu$>+vi+source.cpp

:set+binary+noeol|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|2970231|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>ubuntu$&gt; vi source.cpp

:set binary noeol
</code></pre>

When doing a <code>git diff</code> it says &quot;No newline at end of file&quot;.
What's the significance of the message and what's it trying to tell us?

What's the significance of the "No newline at end of file" log?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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当执行git diff时，它会显示“文件末尾没有换行符”。这条消息的意义是什么，它试图告诉我们什么？

问“在文件末尾没有换行符”日志的意义是什么？
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问“在文件末尾没有换行符”日志的意义是什么？EN

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问“在文件末尾没有换行符”日志的意义是什么？
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