blocks|key|1416312|text|文件操作通常不是由Bash完成的，而是由Bash调用的程序完成的，例如：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1416313|perl+-pi+-e+'s/abc/XYZ/g'+/tmp/file.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|1416314|-i标志告诉它进行就地替换。|offset|length|style|CODE|1416315|有关更多详细信息，请参阅man+perlrun，包括如何备份原始文件。|1416316|entityMap^0|0|0|0|2|0|C|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@$I|T|J|U|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|V|8|@$I|W|J|X|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

File manipulation isn't normally done by Bash, but by programs invoked by Bash, e.g.:

<pre><code>perl -pi -e 's/abc/XYZ/g' /tmp/file.txt
</code></pre>

The <code>-i</code> flag tells it to do an in-place replacement.

See <code>man perlrun</code> for more details, including how to take a backup of the original file.

blocks|key|1631136|text|与其他shell一样，Bash只是一个用于协调其他命令的工具。通常，您会尝试使用标准的UNIX命令，但当然也可以使用Bash调用任何东西，包括您自己的编译程序、其他shell脚本、Python和Perl脚本等。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1631137|在这种情况下，有几种方法可以做到。|1631138|如果您想读取一个文件，并将其写入到另一个文件，在执行搜索/替换操作时，使用sed：|1631139|++++sed+'s/abc/XYZ/g'+<infile+>outfile|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631140|如果您想要就地编辑文件(就像在编辑器中打开文件，编辑它，然后保存它一样)，请向行编辑器'ex‘提供指令。|1631141|++++echo+"%25s/abc/XYZ/g
++++w
++++q
++++"+%7C+ex+file|1631142|这个例子就像没有全屏模式的vi。您可以在vi的:提示符下为其提供相同的命令。|offset|length|style|CODE|1631143|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|D|2|K|2|N|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|12|8|@$Q|13|R|14|S|T]|$Q|15|R|16|S|T]|$Q|17|R|18|S|T]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|V|$]]

Bash, like other shells, is just a tool for coordinating other commands. Typically you would try to use standard UNIX commands, but you can of course use Bash to invoke anything, including your own compiled programs, other shell scripts, Python and Perl scripts etc.
In this case, there are a couple of ways to do it.
If you want to read a file, and write it to another file, doing search/replace as you go, use sed:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code> sed 's/abc/XYZ/g' &lt;infile &gt;outfile
</code></pre>
If you want to edit the file in place (as if opening the file in an editor, editing it, then saving it) supply instructions to the line editor 'ex'
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code> echo &quot;%s/abc/XYZ/g
 w
 q
 &quot; | ex file
</code></pre>
Example is like <code>vi</code> without the fullscreen mode. You can give it the same commands you would at <code>vi</code>'s <code>:</code> prompt.

blocks|key|1631200|text|最简单的方法是使用sed+(或perl)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1631201|sed+-i+-e+'s/abc/XYZ/g'+/tmp/file.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631202|由于-i选项，它将调用sed进行就地编辑。这可以从bash调用。|offset|length|style|CODE|1631203|如果你真的只想使用bash，那么下面的方法是可行的：|1631204|while+read+a;+do
++++echo+${a//abc/XYZ}
done+<+/tmp/file.txt+>+/tmp/file.txt.t
mv+/tmp/file.txt{.t,}|1631205|这个循环遍历每一行，做一次替换，并写入一个临时文件(不想弄乱输入)。最后的移动只是临时移动到原始名称。|1631206|对于Mac用户：|1631207|sed+-i+''+'s/abc/XYZ/g'+/tmp/file.txt+(请参阅下面的注释原因)|1631208|entityMap^0|0|0|2|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|11|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|10|8|@$I|11|J|12|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|17|8|@$I|18|J|19|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|X|$]]

The easiest way is to use sed (or perl):
<pre><code>sed -i -e 's/abc/XYZ/g' /tmp/file.txt
</code></pre>
Which will invoke sed to do an in-place edit due to the <code>-i</code> option. This can be called from bash.
If you really really want to use just bash, then the following can work:
<pre><code>while read a; do
 echo ${a//abc/XYZ}
done &lt; /tmp/file.txt &gt; /tmp/file.txt.t
mv /tmp/file.txt{.t,}
</code></pre>
This loops over each line, doing a substitution, and writing to a temporary file (don't want to clobber the input). The move at the end just moves temporary to the original name.
<h3>For Mac users:</h3>
<code>sed -i '' 's/abc/XYZ/g' /tmp/file.txt</code> (See the comment below why)

blocks|key|1631342|text|您还可以使用ed命令执行文件内搜索和替换：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1631343|#+delete+all+lines+matching+foobar+
ed+-s+test.txt+<<<+$'g/foobar/d\nw'+|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631344|在"Editing+files+via+scripts+with+ed“中可以看到更多。|1631345|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/howto/edit-ed?s[]=ed^0|6|2|0|0|X|2|2|X|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

You may also use the <code>ed</code> command to do in-file search and replace:

<pre><code># delete all lines matching foobar 
ed -s test.txt &lt;&lt;&lt; $'g/foobar/d\nw' 
</code></pre>

See more in "<a href="http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/howto/edit-ed?s[]=ed" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Editing files via scripts with <code>ed</code></a>".

blocks|key|1631410|text|当我偶然发现这个的时候我很惊讶...|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1631411|"mysql-server"软件包附带了一个replace命令，因此如果您已经安装了该命令，请尝试使用它：|offset|length|style|CODE|1631412|#+replace+string+abc+to+XYZ+in+files
replace+"abc"+"XYZ"+--+file.txt+file2.txt+file3.txt

#+or+pipe+an+echo+to+replace
echo+"abcdef"+%7Creplace+"abc"+"XYZ"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631413|有关这方面的更多信息，请参阅man+replace。|1631414|entityMap^0|0|0|E|M|7|0|0|E|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|R|8|@$D|S|E|T|F|G]|$D|U|E|V|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|X|8|@$D|Y|E|Z|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

I was surprised when I stumbled over this...

There is a <code>replace</code> command which ships with the <code>"mysql-server"</code> package, so if you have installed it try it out:

<pre><code># replace string abc to XYZ in files
replace "abc" "XYZ" -- file.txt file2.txt file3.txt

# or pipe an echo to replace
echo "abcdef" |replace "abc" "XYZ"
</code></pre>

See <code>man replace</code> for more on this.

blocks|key|1416708|text|您可以使用rpl命令。例如，您想要更改整个php项目中的域名。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1416709|rpl+-ivRpd+-x'.php'+'old.domain.name'+'new.domain.name'+./path_to_your_project_folder/++|code-block|syntax|javascript|1416710|这不是明确的原因猛烈抨击，但它是非常快速和有用的。:)|1416711|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

You can use rpl command. For example you want to change domain name in whole php project.

<pre><code>rpl -ivRpd -x'.php' 'old.domain.name' 'new.domain.name' ./path_to_your_project_folder/ 
</code></pre>

This is not clear bash of cause, but it's a very quick and usefull. :)

blocks|key|1631580|text|如果将URL替换为"/“字符，请务必小心。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1631581|如何做到这一点的一个示例：|1631582|sed+-i+"s%25http://domain.com%25http://www.domain.com/folder/%25g"+"test.txt"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631583|摘自：http://www.sysadmit.com/2015/07/linux-reemplazar-texto-en-archivos-con-sed.html|offset|length|1631584|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.sysadmit.com/2015/07/linux-reemplazar-texto-en-archivos-con-sed.html^0|0|0|0|3|27|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$K|Y|L|Z|1|10]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|T]]]]

Be careful if you replace URLs with "/" character.

An example of how to do it:

<pre><code>sed -i "s%http://domain.com%http://www.domain.com/folder/%g" "test.txt"
</code></pre>

Extracted from: <a href="http://www.sysadmit.com/2015/07/linux-reemplazar-texto-en-archivos-con-sed.html" rel="noreferrer">http://www.sysadmit.com/2015/07/linux-reemplazar-texto-en-archivos-con-sed.html</a>

blocks|key|1631645|text|这是一个老帖子，但对于任何想使用变量的人来说，就像@centurian所说的那样，单引号意味着什么都不会扩展。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1631646|在中获取变量的一种简单方法是进行字符串连接，因为这是通过bash中的并列来完成的，应该可以这样做：|1631647|sed+-i+-e+"s/$var1/$var2/g"+/tmp/file.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631648|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

This is an old post but for anyone wanting to use variables as @centurian said the single quotes mean nothing will be expanded. 

A simple way to get variables in is to do string concatenation since this is done by juxtaposition in bash the following should work:

<pre><code>sed -i -e "s/$var1/$var2/g" /tmp/file.txt
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1416857|text|您也可以在bash脚本中使用python。我在这里的一些排名靠前的答案上并没有取得太多成功，我发现这在不需要循环的情况下是有效的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1416858|#!/bin/bash
python
filetosearch+=+'/home/ubuntu/ip_table.txt'
texttoreplace+=+'tcp443'
texttoinsert+=+'udp1194'

s+=+open(filetosearch).read()
s+=+s.replace(texttoreplace,+texttoinsert)
f+=+open(filetosearch,+'w')
f.write(s)
f.close()
quit()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1416859|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can use python within the bash script too. I didn't have much success with some of the top answers here, and found this to work without the need for loops:

<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
python
filetosearch = '/home/ubuntu/ip_table.txt'
texttoreplace = 'tcp443'
texttoinsert = 'udp1194'

s = open(filetosearch).read()
s = s.replace(texttoreplace, texttoinsert)
f = open(filetosearch, 'w')
f.write(s)
f.close()
quit()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1631735|text|尝试执行以下shell命令：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1631736|find+./++-type+f+-name+"file*.txt"+%7C+xargs+sed+-i+-e+'s/abc/xyz/g'|code-block|syntax|javascript|1631737|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Try the following shell command:

<pre><code>find ./ -type f -name "file*.txt" | xargs sed -i -e 's/abc/xyz/g'
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1417037|text|您可以使用sed|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1417038|sed+-i+'s/abc/XYZ/gi'+/tmp/file.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|1417039|如果您不知道自己的文件名，可以使用find和sed：|1417040|find+./+-type+f+-exec+sed+-i+'s/abc/XYZ/gi'+{}+\;|1417041|在所有Python文件中查找和替换：|1417042|find+./+-iname+"*.py"+-type+f+-exec+sed+-i+'s/abc/XYZ/gi'+{}+\;|1417043|entityMap^0|5|3|0|0|H|4|M|3|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|H|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$]]

You can use <code>sed</code>:
<pre><code>sed -i 's/abc/XYZ/gi' /tmp/file.txt
</code></pre>
You can use <code>find</code> and <code>sed</code> if you don't know your filename:
<pre><code>find ./ -type f -exec sed -i 's/abc/XYZ/gi' {} \;
</code></pre>
Find and replace in all Python files:
<pre><code>find ./ -iname &quot;*.py&quot; -type f -exec sed -i 's/abc/XYZ/gi' {} \;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1417129|text|如果您正在处理的文件不是很大，并且暂时将其存储在一个变量中是没有问题的，那么您可以一次在整个文件上使用Bash字符串替换-不需要逐行重复它：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1417130|file_contents=$(</tmp/file.txt)
echo+"${file_contents//abc/XYZ}"+>+/tmp/file.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|1417131|整个文件内容将被视为一个长字符串，包括换行符。|1417132|XYZ可以是一个变量，例如$replacement，这里不使用sed的一个好处是，您不必担心搜索或替换字符串可能包含sed模式分隔符字符(通常但不一定是/)。缺点是不能使用正则表达式或sed的任何更复杂的操作。|offset|length|style|CODE|1417133|entityMap^0|0|0|0|D|C|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|T|8|@$K|U|L|V|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

If the file you are working on is not so big, and temporarily storing it in a variable is no problem, then you can use Bash string substitution on the whole file at once - there's no need to go over it line by line:

<pre><code>file_contents=$(&lt;/tmp/file.txt)
echo "${file_contents//abc/XYZ}" &gt; /tmp/file.txt
</code></pre>

The whole file contents will be treated as one long string, including linebreaks. 

XYZ can be a variable eg <code>$replacement</code>, and one advantage of not using sed here is that you need not be concerned that the search or replace string might contain the sed pattern delimiter character (usually, but not necessarily, /). A disadvantage is not being able to use regular expressions or any of sed's more sophisticated operations.

blocks|key|1632003|text|对于MAC用户，如果您没有阅读评论:)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1632004|正如@Austin所提到的，如果您收到Invalid+command+code错误|offset|length|style|CODE|1632005|对于就地替换，BSD+sed需要在-i标志后加上文件扩展名，才能保存到具有给定扩展名的备份文件。|1632006|sed+-i+'.bak'+'s/find/replace'+/file.txt|1632007|如果您想跳过备份，可以使用''空字符串。|1632008|sed+-i+''+'s/find/replace'+/file.txt|1632009|所有功劳都归功于@Austin|1632010|entityMap^0|0|J|K|0|7|7|H|2|0|0|14|0|D|2|0|0|10|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@$D|V|E|W|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|X|8|@$D|Y|E|Z|F|G]|$D|10|E|11|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|12|8|@$D|13|E|14|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|15|8|@$D|16|E|17|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|18|8|@$D|19|E|1A|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|S|$]]

For MAC users in case you don't read the comments :)
As mentioned by @Austin, if you get the <code>Invalid command code</code> error
For the in-place replacements <code>BSD sed</code> requires a file extension after the <code>-i</code> flag to save to a backup file with given extension.
<code>sed -i '.bak' 's/find/replace' /file.txt</code>
You can use <code>''</code> empty string if you want to skip backup.
<code>sed -i '' 's/find/replace' /file.txt</code>
All merit to @Austin

blocks|key|1632069|text|在一起在多个文件中进行更改的情况下，我们可以在一行中执行以下操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1632070|user_name='whoami'
for+file+in+file1.txt+file2.txt+file3.txt;+do+sed+-i+-e+'s/default_user/${user_name}/g'+$file;+done|code-block|syntax|javascript|1632071|添加了如果in+case可能有用的话。|1632072|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

In case of doing changes in multiple files together we can do in a single line as:-
<pre><code>user_name='whoami'
for file in file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt; do sed -i -e 's/default_user/${user_name}/g' $file; done
</code></pre>
Added if in case could be useful.

What's the simplest way to do a find and replace for a given input string, say <code>abc</code>, and replace with another string, say <code>XYZ</code> in file <code>/tmp/file.txt</code>?

I am writting an app and using IronPython to execute commands through SSH &mdash; but I don't know Unix that well and don't know what to look for.

I have heard that Bash, apart from being a command line interface, can be a very powerful scripting language. So, if this is true, I assume you can perform actions like these.

Can I do it with bash, and what's the simplest (one line) script to achieve my goal?

Find and Replace Inside a Text File from a Bash Command

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

文章

问答

视频

学习中心

腾讯云实验室

直播

竞赛

腾讯云架构师技术同盟交流圈

腾讯云数据库专区

腾讯云顾问专区

腾讯云原生专区

腾讯混元专区

腾讯云TCE专区

腾讯云Lighthouse专区

腾讯云HAI专区

腾讯云Edgeone专区

腾讯云存储专区

腾讯云智能专区

腾讯轻联专区 

腾讯云开发专区

TAPD专区

腾讯轻量云游戏服专区

腾讯云最具价值专家

腾讯云架构师技术同盟

腾讯云创作之星

腾讯云开发者先锋 

腾讯云代码助手

CODING DevOps

Cloud Studio

SDK中心

API中心

命令行工具

查找和替换给定输入字符串(例如abc )并替换为另一个字符串(例如/tmp/file.txt文件中的XYZ )的最简单方法是什么我正在编写一个应用程序，并使用IronPython通过SSH执行命令--但我对Unix不太了解，也不知道该找什么。我听说Bash除了是一个命令行界面之外，还可以是一种非常强大的脚本语言。因此，...

问通过Bash命令在文本文件中查找和替换
EN

Stack Overflow用户

社区

活动

圈层

关于

腾讯云开发者

热门产品

热门推荐

更多推荐

问通过Bash命令在文本文件中查找和替换EN