blocks|key|1472070|text|Python提供了一个调试器，允许您单步执行代码、检查变量并操作它们。请参考http://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/category/python-debugger/，它可以帮助您完成这些步骤……|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1472071|还要查看pdb+http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html的python标准库参考。|1472072|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/category/python-debugger/|1|http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html^0|12|20|0|0|8|1F|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

Python provides a debugger which allows you to step through your code, inspect variables and manipulate them. Refer to <a href="http://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/category/python-debugger/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/category/python-debugger/</a> which can take you over the steps...

Also check the python standard library reference for pdb
<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html</a>

blocks|key|1687271|text|及早测试，经常测试。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1687272|这并不意味着首先跳入测试驱动的设计池头(尽管这不是一个坏主意)。这只是意味着，一旦你有了可以工作的东西，就测试你的对象和方法。不要等到你有了一大堆代码后才进行测试。|1687273|花点时间学习测试框架。如果输入测试用例对您来说很简单，那么您更有可能这样做。如果您没有任何类型的框架，测试可能是一种痛苦，所以您可以避免它。所以，尽早养成一些好习惯，你以后就会遇到更少的问题。|1687274|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

Test early and test often.

This doesn't necessarily mean to jump into the test driven design pool head first (though that's not such a bad idea). It just means, test your objects and methods as soon as you have something that works. Don't wait until you have a huge pile of code before doing testing. 

Invest some time in learning a testing framework. If it's trivial for you to type in a test case you'll more likely do it. If you don't have any sort of framework testing can be a pain so you'll avoid it. So, establish some good habits early on and you'll have fewer problems down the road.

blocks|key|1687316|text|python+-m+pdb+yourcode.py应该可以做到。或者，您可以在代码中“导入pdb”，并使用pdb.set_trace()来设置断点。有关详细信息，请参阅手册：http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1687317|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html^0|2F|1F|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

python -m pdb yourcode.py should do it.
Alternatively you can "import pdb" in your code and use pdb.set_trace() to set break points.
Refer the manual for more info: <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pdb.html</a>

blocks|key|1687379|text|自由地使用assert语句。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1687380|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Using assert statement liberally.

blocks|key|1472321|text|如果您在语法方面有问题，您可以尝试使用具有语法突出显示功能的编辑器。在你熟悉一门语言之前，简单的错误不会突然出现在你面前。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1472322|最简单的调试形式就是插入一些print语句。一种更高级(且可扩展)的方法是使用std+lib中的logging模块。|offset|length|1472323|交互式解释器是处理python代码的一个很好的工具，而IPython是对内置REPL+(Read+Eval+Print+Loop)的巨大改进。|1472324|如果您实际上想单步执行代码，可以将python调试器称为pdb，可以从命令行调用它，也可以将其嵌入到代码中。|1472325|如果您习惯于完全集成的集成开发环境，我建议您使用带有pydev的Eclipse，PyCharm有一个很棒的商业产品，它具有自动完成、快速访问文档和许多快捷方式，以及许多其他有趣的特性。|1472326|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#module-logging|1|http://ipython.org/|2|http://docs.python.org/library/pdb.html#module-pdb^0|0|1C|7|0|0|R|7|1|0|S|3|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$D|13|E|14|1|15]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@$D|17|E|18|1|19]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]|T|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|U]]|V|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|W]]]]

If you're having problems with syntax, you could try an editor with syntax highlighting. Until you get the feel for a language, simple errors won't just pop out at you.

The simplest form of debugging is just to insert some print statements. A more advanced (and extensible) way to do this would be to use the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#module-logging" rel="noreferrer">logging</a> module from the std lib.

The interactive interpreter is a wonderful tool for working with python code, and <a href="http://ipython.org" rel="noreferrer">IPython</a> is a great improvement over the built-in REPL (Read Eval Print Loop).

If you actually want to step through your code, the python debugger is called <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/pdb.html#module-pdb" rel="noreferrer">pdb</a>, which can be called from the command line, or embedded in your code.

If you're used to a fully integrated IDE, I would recommend using Eclipse with pydev, and PyCharm has a great commercial offering, with autocomplete, quick access to docs, and numerous shortcuts, among many other interesting features.

blocks|key|1687540|text|在执行之前识别错误是静态检查/分析的领域。我很幸运地使用PyChecker对Python代码进行了基本的静态检查。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1687541|pycheesecake站点有一个非常好的Python+summary+of+testing+tools。|1687542|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/|1|http://pycheesecake.org/wiki/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy^0|S|9|0|0|S|O|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

Identifing errors before execution is the domain of static checking/analysis. I've had good luck using <a href="http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PyChecker</a> for basic static checking of Python code.

The pycheesecake site has a very good <a href="http://pycheesecake.org/wiki/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy" rel="nofollow noreferrer">summary of testing tools</a> for Python.

blocks|key|1687624|text|我使用this+trick将Python设置为在出现未捕获的异常时自动启动调试器。这样，您就可以轻松地检查程序的状态，而不需要过多的日志记录代码。(另外，给我发个Growl+notification。)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1687625|哦，这样你就可以在代码中创建一个断点|1687626|if+answer+==+42:
++++1/0+|code-block|syntax|javascript|1687627|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://code.activestate.com/recipes/65287/|1|http://blog.mckuhn.de/2007/10/sending-growl-notifications-from-python.html^0|3|A|0|29|I|1|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$A|V|B|W|1|X]|$A|Y|B|Z|1|10]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|R]]|S|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|T]]]]

I set up Python to automatically start the debugger when there's an uncaught exception, using <a href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/65287/" rel="noreferrer">this trick</a>. That way, you can easily examine the state of the program without too much logging code. (Plus, to send me a <a href="http://blog.mckuhn.de/2007/10/sending-growl-notifications-from-python.html" rel="noreferrer">Growl notification</a>.)

Oh, and this way you can just create a break point in the code by adding

<pre><code>if answer == 42:
 1/0 
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1472516|text|通常，我只是使用一堆print语句。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1472517|page+=+grabpage(url)
print+"Page+content:",+page
print+"page+type():",+type(page)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1472518|有时这样做很有用：|1472519|debug+=+True
if+debug:+print+"page+content",+page|1472520|通过将..with变量更改为False，您可以快速禁用所有调试打印语句。|1472521|虽然打印调试在大多数情况下会让您走得很远，但有时很难调试像循环或一系列if/else/try/except/etc这样的东西。为此，允许单步执行代码和设置断点的调试器很有用。|1472522|pdb包含在Python中。Here是关于它的一个很好的简单教程。您甚至可以执行诸如在运行时更改变量之类的操作(本教程将对此进行介绍)。更长的教程可以在here上找到|offset|length|style|CODE|1472523|有一个非常好的图形用户界面相当于pdb+-+Winpdb|1472524|基本上，您运行winpdb+myscript+--arg+4+-b+4，然后它在终端中加载命令，在左侧显示您的代码，以及当前的局部/全局变量(及其值)列表和当前的调用堆栈。|1472525|然后，您可以通过单击步骤(或F6)单步执行代码。F5运行代码。如果单击行号旁边的，则会设置一个断点，代码将在该断点自动单步执行(当您按下run时)。|1472526|我发现它更容易使用，而且它有很多额外的增强功能(比如远程调试，这样你就可以在要调试的应用程序中运行后端部分(rpdb2)，并将Winpdb连接到它(加密的))。它还支持线程和其他不在PDB中的有用功能。您还可以访问类似pdb的控制台。|1472527|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.ferg.org/papers/debugging_in_python.html|1|http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2005/09/01/debugger.html|2|http://winpdb.org/^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|3|E|4|0|24|4|1|0|M|6|2|0|7|S|0|0|1I|5|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1K|8|@$Q|1L|R|1M|S|T]]|9|@$Q|1N|R|1O|1|1P]|$Q|1Q|R|1R|1|1S]]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@$Q|1U|R|1V|1|1W]]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1X|8|@$Q|1Y|R|1Z|S|T]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|21|8|@$Q|22|R|23|S|T]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|-4|5|6|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|13|$14|$5|15|16|17|A|$18|19]]|1A|$5|15|16|17|A|$18|1B]]|1C|$5|15|16|17|A|$18|1D]]]]

More often than not, I just use a bunch of print statements.

<pre><code>page = grabpage(url)
print "Page content:", page
print "page type():", type(page)
</code></pre>

It's sometimes useful to do something like:

<pre><code>debug = True
if debug: print "page content", page
</code></pre>

..with this you can quickly disable all your debugging print statements by changing the debug variable to False.

While print-debugging will get you very far in most cases, sometimes it's difficult to debug things like loops, or a series of if/else/try/except/etc. For this a debugger that allows stepping though your code, and setting break-points is useful.

<code>pdb</code> is included with Python. <a href="http://www.ferg.org/papers/debugging_in_python.html" rel="noreferrer">Here</a> is a good simple tutorial on it. You can even do things like changing variables during run-time (which the tutorial covers). A longer tutorial can be found <a href="http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2005/09/01/debugger.html" rel="noreferrer">here</a>

There is a very nice GUI equivalent pdb - <a href="http://winpdb.org/" rel="noreferrer">Winpdb</a>

Basically you run <code>winpdb myscript --arg 4 -b 4</code> then it loads the command in a terminal, shows you your code on the left, with the current, a list of local/global variables (and their values) and the current call-stack.

Then you can step though the code by clicking the Step (or F6). F5 runs the code. If you click next to the line numbers, it sets a break point, where the code will automatically step (when you press run).

I find it far easier to use, and it has lots of addition enhancements (like remote debugging, so you can run the backend portion (<code>rpdb2</code>) in the to-be-debugged application, and connect Winpdb to it (encrypted). It also has support for threading and other useful things not in PDB. You have access to a pdb-like console too.

blocks|key|1687688|text|eclipse的PyDev插件是我的首选工具。它可以识别简单的语法错误和缩进错误，并用红线在错误下划线。它有一个强大的调试器，甚至还有一个叫做PyLint的插件，它会警告你危险的代码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1687689|编辑:它也有一个用户友好的堆栈跟踪运行时错误，部分自动完成和其他一些漂亮的功能。|1687690|再次编辑:我没有注意到顶部的帖子中提到了pydev。我希望我在谈判桌上带来了其他东西。|1687691|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

The PyDev plugin for eclipse is my tool of choice. It recognizes simple syntax mistakes and indentation errors and underlines the error with a red line. It has a powerful debugger and even has a plugin called PyLint which warns you about dangerous code.

Edit:
It also has a user friendly stack trace on runtime errors, partial auto complete and some other nifty features.

Edit again:
I didn't notice that pydev was mentioned in the top post. I hope I brought something else to the table.

blocks|key|1472581|text|Python有一个非常好的图形用户界面调试器，叫做Winpdb。在wxWidgets库和多平台上试用out.Built。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1472582|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://winpdb.org/^0|P|6|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

There is very nice GUI debugger for Python called <a href="http://winpdb.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Winpdb</a>. Try it out.Built on wxWidgets library and multiplatform.

blocks|key|1687744|text|Eric4集成开发环境也有一个很棒的内置调试器。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1687745|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Eric4 IDE also has a great built-in debugger.

blocks|key|1472636|text|IPython+Python外壳程序有一个%25pdb命令，用于在出现问题时执行automatically+invokes+the+debugger。然后，您可以检查变量、单步执行代码等。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1472637|可以使用%25run命令从IPython执行run+your+programs操作。|1472638|更广泛地说，正如在其他一些答案中所指出的，一个好的Python+shell是您的朋友。而IPython是你最好的朋友。:)|1472639|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/interactive/tutorial.html|1|http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/interactive/tutorial.html#debug-a-python-script|2|http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/interactive/tutorial.html#the-run-magic-command^0|L|4|0|7|0|12|Y|1|0|4|4|K|H|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@$9|W|A|X|B|C]]|D|@$9|Y|A|Z|1|10]|$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|14|8|@$9|15|A|16|B|C]]|D|@$9|17|A|18|1|19]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|E|$P|Q]]|R|$5|M|N|O|E|$P|S]]|T|$5|M|N|O|E|$P|U]]]]

The <a href="http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/interactive/tutorial.html" rel="nofollow">IPython</a> Python shell has a <code>%pdb</code> command that <a href="http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/interactive/tutorial.html#debug-a-python-script" rel="nofollow">automatically invokes the debugger</a> in case of problem. You can then inspect variables, step through the code, etc.

You can <a href="http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/interactive/tutorial.html#the-run-magic-command" rel="nofollow">run your programs</a> from IPython with the <code>%run</code> command.

More generally, as as been noted in some other answers, a good Python shell is your friend. And IPython is your best friend. :)

blocks|key|1687811|text|为了获得最完整的体验，你可以使用完整的集成开发环境，比如PyCharm：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1687812|http://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/files/2011/05/template-debug2.png|offset|length|1687813|📷|atomic|1687814|​|1687815|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|1|IMAGE|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-900000/1007d02f4a7762299f2ec72fa4872305.png|imageAlt^0|0|0|1V|0|0|0|1|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|12|8|@]|9|@$D|13|E|14|1|15]]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|A|$Q|C]]|R|$5|S|O|T|A|$U|V|W|-4]]]]

For a most integrated experience you can use full blown IDE like PyCharm:

<a href="http://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/files/2011/05/template-debug2.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/files/2011/05/template-debug2.png</a><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/2QeaQ.png" alt="enter image description here">

I'm getting quite a few errors in my code. Consequently, I would like to be able to minimize them at the outset or see as many errors as possible before code execution. Is this possible and if so, how can I do this?

What are good ways to make my Python code run first time?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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