Django无法加载psycopg2模块。Python也无法加载它，即使我在运行pip list时看到它
Django无法加载psycopg2模块。Python也无法加载它，即使我在运行pip list时看到它
提问于 2021-04-09 08:58:44
我把我的个人项目从我的git仓库克隆到我的新笔记本电脑上(mac，big sur，M1芯片)，我在使用psycopg2时遇到了一些麻烦。在经历了相当多的头痛之后，我终于能够安装psycopg2了。我的所有依赖项都应该安装。
现在，当我键入python3 manage.py runserver时，我会看到以下错误：
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py", line 25, in <module>
import psycopg2 as Database
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 51, in <module>
from psycopg2._psycopg import ( # noqa
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PQbackendPID
Referenced from: /Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 954, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 892, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
raise _exception[1]
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 790, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/users/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 206, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 214, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py", line 29, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg2 module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading psycopg2 module: dlopen(/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PQbackendPID
Referenced from: /Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
看起来django在加载psycopg2时遇到了问题。我的依据是：
“提升ImproperlyConfigured(”加载psycopg2模块时出错：%s“% e)”
我知道它安装在我的虚拟环境中，当我运行pip list时可以看到它。
当我运行一个python3外壳，并尝试导入psycopg2时，我得到了以下错误：
Python 3.9.4 (v3.9.4:1f2e3088f3, Apr 4 2021, 12:32:44)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import psycopg2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 51, in <module>
from psycopg2._psycopg import ( # noqa
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PQbackendPID
Referenced from: /Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/jeff/Desktop/Project-BookBuddy/BookBuddy/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
我认为这个问题可能与python3在哪里寻找psycopg2模块有关，但我对django (以及macOS)非常陌生，所以我不能完全确定。你认为是这样的吗？如果是这样的话，如何查看python在哪里查找模块，以及如何查看模块的实际位置(我猜应该在我的虚拟环境中)？
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2021-04-09 09:35:33
假设您的机器上确实安装了PostgreSQL，pip install psycopg2-binary很可能会解决您的问题。
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67013694
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