问只要不超过n个像素就可以连接断开连接的组件

EN

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import cv2
import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import label, generate_binary_structure, generic_filter

def bridger(P):
    """
    We receive P[0]..P[8] with the pixels in the 3x3 surrounding window.
    We want to identify pixels with two different neighbouring labels plus background.
    Maybe we want to check the centre pixel P[4] is black?
    """
    neighbours = len(np.unique(P)) - 1
    if neighbours > 1:
        return 255
    return 0
    
   
# Load input image
im = cv2.imread('start.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Threshold to force everything to pure black or white 
_, bw = cv2.threshold(im,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
cv2.imwrite('DEBUG-bw.png', bw)

# The default SE (structuring element) is for 4-connectedness, i.e. only pixels North, South, East and West of another are considered connected.
# We want 8-connected, i.e. N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, so we need a corresponding SE
SE = generate_binary_structure(2,2)   

# Now run a labelling, or "Connected Components Analysis"
# Each "blob" of connected pixels matching our seed will get assigned a unique number in the new image called "labeled"
labeled, nObjects = label(bw, structure=SE)
cv2.imwrite('DEBUG-labels.png', labeled)
print(f'Objects found: {nObjects}')

# Look for bridging pixels in each 3x3 neighbourhood
result = generic_filter(labeled, bridger, (3,3))

# Save result
cv2.imwrite('result.png', result)