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【Linux】《how linux work》第八章流程和资源利用的近距离观察

内存内核系统 linux 进程

This chapter takes you deeper into the relationships between processes, the kernel, and system resources. There are three basic kinds of hardware resources: CPU, memory, and I/O. Processes vie for these resources, and the kernel’s job is to allocate resources fairly. The kernel itself is also a resource—a software resource that processes use to perform tasks such as creating new processes and communicating with other processes. Many of the tools that you see in this chapter are often thought of as performance-monitoring tools. They’re particularly helpful if your system is slowing to a crawl and you’re trying to figure out why. However, you shouldn’t get too distracted by performance; trying to optimize a system that’s already working correctly is often a waste of time. Instead, concentrate on understanding what the tools actually measure, and you’ll gain great insight into how the kernel works.

2024-04-22

850

【Linux】《how linux work》第九章了解网络及其配置

主机 linux 连接配置网络

Networking is the practice of connecting computers and sending data between them. That sounds simple enough, but to understand how it works, you need to ask two fundamental questions:

2024-04-22

660

【Linux】《how linux work》第八章流程和资源利用的近距离观察（第二部分）

CPU performance is one of the easier metrics to measure. The load average is the average number of processes currently ready to run. That is, it is an estimate of the number of processes that are capable of using the CPU at any given time. When thinking about a load average, keep in mind that most processes on your system are usually waiting for input (from the keyboard, mouse, or network, for example), meaning that most processes are not ready to run and should contribute nothing to the load average. Only processes that are actually doing something affect the load average.

2024-04-21

630

【Linux】《how linux work》第八章流程和资源利用的近距离观察（第一部分）

This chapter takes you deeper into the relationships between processes, the kernel, and system resources. There are three basic kinds of hardware resources: CPU, memory, and I/O. Processes vie for these resources, and the kernel’s job is to allocate resources fairly. The kernel itself is also a resource—a software resource that processes use to perform tasks such as creating new processes and communicating with other processes. Many of the tools that you see in this chapter are often thought of as performance-monitoring tools. They’re particularly helpful if your system is slowing to a crawl and you’re trying to figure out why. However, you shouldn’t get too distracted by performance; trying to optimize a system that’s already working correctly is often a waste of time. Instead, concentrate on understanding what the tools actually measure, and you’ll gain great insight into how the kernel works.

2024-04-21

510

【Linux】《how linux work》第二章基本命令和目录层次结构（第二部分）

Occasionally, you may redirect standard output but find that the program still prints something to the terminal. This is called standard error (stderr); it’s an additional output stream for diagnostics and debugging.

2024-04-21

730

【Linux】《how linux work》第二章基本命令和目录层次结构（第一部分）

This chapter is a guide to the Unix commands and utilities that will be referenced throughout this book. This is preliminary material, and you may already know a substantial amount of it. Even if you think you’re up to speed, take a few seconds to flip through the chapter just to make sure, especially when it comes to the directory hierarchy material in 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials.

2024-04-21

750

【Linux】《how linux work》第一章大局观

At first glance, a modern operating system such as Linux is very complicated, with a dizzying number of pieces simultaneously running and communicating. For example, a web server can talk to a database server, which could in turn use a shared library that many other programs use. But how does it all work?

2024-04-21

750

【Linux】《how linux work》第 7 章系统配置系统配置：日志、系统时间、批处理任务和用户

程序进程日志系统 linux

When you first look in the /etc directory, you might feel a bit overwhelmed. Although most of the files that you see affect a system’s operations to some extent, a few are fundamental.

2024-04-10

870

【Linux】《how linux work》第六章用户空间如何启动

进程事件系统 linux 服务

The point where the kernel starts its first user-space process, init, is significant—not just because that’s where the memory and CPU are finally ready for normal system operation, but because that’s where you can see how the rest of the system builds up as a whole. Prior to this point, the kernel executes a well-controlled path of execution defined by a relatively small number of software developers. User space is far more modular. It’s much easier to see what goes into the user space startup and operation. For the adventurous, it’s also relatively easy to change the user space startup because doing so requires no low-level programming.

2024-04-10

1050

【Linux】《how linux work》第五章 Linux内核的启动过程

linux 程序内核配置文件系统

You now know the physical and logical structure of a Linux system, what the kernel is, and how to work with processes. This chapter will teach you how the kernel starts— or boots. In other words, you’ll learn how the kernel moves into memory up to the point where the first user process starts.

2024-04-10

2160

【Linux】《how linux work》第四章磁盘和文件系统

linux 磁盘内核文件系统系统

In Chapter 3, we discussed some of the top-level disk devices that the kernel makes available. In this chapter, we’ll discuss in detail how to work with disks on a Linux system. You’ll learn how to partition disks, create and maintain the filesystems that go inside disk partitions, and work with swap space.

2024-03-22

660

【Linux】《how linux work》第三章设备

磁盘进程内核系统 linux

This chapter is a basic tour of the kernel-provided device infrastructure in a functioning Linux system.

2024-03-22

1070

JSON 网络加密（JWE）说明

网络 json 管理加密算法

JSON Web Encryption (JWE) の解説 #JWT - Qiita

2024-03-22

1080

【Git】Common Git Command Line Operation

推送 git branch command line

Common Git Command Line Operation | Chanvin's Blog (chanvinxiao.com)

2024-03-05

1170

【Linux】《how linux work》第二章基本命令和目录层次结构

程序进程权限系统 linux

This chapter is a guide to the Unix commands and utilities that will be referenced throughout this book. This is preliminary material, and you may already know a substantial amount of it. Even if you think you’re up to speed, take a few seconds to flip through the chapter just to make sure, especially when it comes to the directory hierarchy material in 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials.

2024-03-05

1500

【GO】《GO HANDBOOK》读书笔记

非常入门的一本书？准确来说是一篇GO的入门文章，用于学学英语和简单了解GO还不错，并且词汇和语法都比较简洁易懂。

2024-03-02

510

【Tomcat】《How Tomcat Works》英文版GPT翻译（第二十章）

tomcat gpt 对象翻译管理

Chapter 19 discussed the Manager application. It showed that the ManagerServlet class implemented the ContainerServlet interface to get access to Catalina internal objects. This chapter now shows that managing Tomcat can be achieved more sophisticatedly using the Java Management Extensions (the JMX specification). For those unfamiliar with JMX, a brief introduction is given at the beginning of the chapter. In addition, this chapter explains the Commons Modeler library that Catalina uses to ease the task of writing Managed Beans, the objects used for managing other objects. Examples are offered to make understanding the use of JMX in Tomcat easier.

2024-02-06

820

【Tomcat】《How Tomcat Works》英文版GPT翻译（第十九章）

对象翻译 tomcat gpt 部署

Tomcat 4 and 5 come with the Manager application that you can use to manage deployed applications. Unlike other applications, Manager does not reside in the default deployment directory %CATALINA_HOME%/webapps but in %CATALINA_HOME%/server/webapps. Manager is installed when Tomcat starts because Manager has a descriptor, the manager.xml file, in the %CATALINA_HOME$/webapps directory in Tomcat 4 and the %CATALINA_HOME%/server/webapps directory in Tomcat 5.

2024-01-29

830

【Tomcat】《How Tomcat Works》英文版GPT翻译（第十八章）

翻译主机 tomcat gpt 部署

For a web application to be available, the context representing it must first be deployed to a host. In Tomcat, a context can be deployed as a WAR file or by copying the whole application to the webapps directory under the Tomcat installation directory. For each application you deploy, you can optionally have a descriptor file that contains the configuration settings for the context. A descriptor file takes the form of an XML document.

2024-01-29

880

【Tomcat】《How Tomcat Works》英文版GPT翻译（第十七章）

gpt 变量翻译脚本 tomcat

This chapter focuses on Tomcat startup using two classes in the org.apache.catalina.startup package, Catalina and Bootstrap. The Catalina class is used to start and stop a Server object as well as parse the Tomcat configuration file, server.xml. The Bootstrap class is the entry point that creates an instance of Catalina and calls its process method. In theory, these two classes could have been merged. However, to support more than one mode of running Tomcat, a number of bootstrap classes are provided. For example, the aforementioned Bootstrap class is used for running Tomcat as a stand-alone application. Another class, org.apache.catalina.startup.BootstrapService, is used to run Tomcat as a Windows NT service.

2024-01-29

1320

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