从异步函数获取数据的正确方法是什么？

function fetchData(callback) {
  setTimeout(() => {
    const data = 'Hello, World!';
    callback(null, data);
  }, 1000);
}

fetchData((error, result) => {
  if (error) {
    console.error(error);
  } else {
    console.log(result);
  }
});

function fetchData() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      const data = 'Hello, World!';
      resolve(data);
    }, 1000);
  });
}

fetchData()
  .then(result => {
    console.log(result);
  })
  .catch(error => {
    console.error(error);
  });

async function fetchData() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      const data = 'Hello, World!';
      resolve(data);
    }, 1000);
  });
}

async function getData() {
  try {
    const result = await fetchData();
    console.log(result);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
}

getData();