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中国成人脑白质分区与脑功能图谱

脑地图集在研究大脑解剖和功能方面起着重要的作用。随着对多模态磁共振成像(MRI)方法(如结合结构MRI、弥散加权成像(DWI)和静息态功能MRI (rs-fMRI))的兴趣的增加,有必要基于这三种成像方式构建集成的脑地图集。本研究构建了中国成年人群(年龄22-79岁,n = 180)的多模态脑图谱,包括反映脑形态学的T1图谱、描绘复杂纤维结构的高角度分辨率弥散成像(HARDI)图谱和反映单一立体定向坐标下大脑固有功能组织的rs-fMRI图谱。我们采用大变形自形度量映射(LDDMM)和无偏自形图谱生成方法同时生成T1和HARDI图谱。利用谱聚类,我们从rs-fMRI数据中生成了20个脑功能网络。我们通过联合独立成分分析,展示了使用图谱来探索大脑形态、功能网络和白质束之间的一致性标记。

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Google Earth Engine——全球摩擦面列举了北纬85度和南纬60度之间的所有陆地像素在2015年的名义年的陆地迁移速度。

This global friction surface enumerates land-based travel speed for all land pixels between 85 degrees north and 60 degrees south for a nominal year 2015. This map was produced through a collaboration between the University of Oxford Malaria Atlas Project (MAP), Google, the European Union Joint Research Centre (JRC), and the University of Twente, Netherlands. The underlying datasets used to produce the map include roads (comprising the first ever global-scale use of Open Street Map and Google roads datasets), railways, rivers, lakes, oceans, topographic conditions (slope and elevation), landcover types, and national borders. These datasets were each allocated a speed or speeds of travel in terms of time to cross each pixel of that type. The datasets were then combined to produce this “friction surface”, a map where every pixel is allocated a nominal overall speed of travel based on the types occurring within that pixel, with the fastest travel mode intersecting the pixel being used to determine the speed of travel in that pixel (with some exceptions such as national boundaries, which have the effect of imposing a travel time penalty). This map represents the travel speed from this allocation process, expressed in units of minutes required to travel one meter. It forms the underlying dataset behind the global accessibility map described in the referenced paper.

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Google Earth Engine——北纬85度和南纬60度之间所有地区到最近的人口密集区的迁移时间数据集

This global accessibility map enumerates land-based travel time to the nearest densely-populated area for all areas between 85 degrees north and 60 degrees south for a nominal year 2015. Densely-populated areas are defined as contiguous areas with 1,500 or more inhabitants per square kilometer or a majority of built-up land cover types coincident with a population centre of at least 50,000 inhabitants. This map was produced through a collaboration between the University of Oxford Malaria Atlas Project (MAP), Google, the European Union Joint Research Centre (JRC), and the University of Twente, Netherlands. The underlying datasets used to produce the map include roads (comprising the first ever global-scale use of Open Street Map and Google roads datasets), railways, rivers, lakes, oceans, topographic conditions (slope and elevation), landcover types, and national borders. These datasets were each allocated a speed or speeds of travel in terms of time to cross each pixel of that type. The datasets were then combined to produce a “friction surface”, a map where every pixel is allocated a nominal overall speed of travel based on the types occurring within that pixel. Least-cost-path algorithms (running in Google Earth Engine and, for high-latitude areas, in R) were used in conjunction with this friction surface to calculate the time of travel from all locations to the nearest city (by travel time). Cities were determined using the high-density-cover product created by the Global Human Settlement Project. Each pixel in the resultant accessibility map thus represents the modeled shortest time from that location to a city.

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