在互联网中,域名(如www.example.com)是人类易于记忆的地址,而IP地址(如192.0.2.1)是计算机之间通信的实际地址。DNS(Domain Name System)负责将域名解析为对应的IP地址。
在C语言中,可以使用标准库函数getaddrinfo
来实现域名到IP地址的解析。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s hostname\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *p;
int status;
char ipstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; // AF_INET or AF_INET6 to force version
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
if ((status = getaddrinfo(argv[1], NULL, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
return 1;
}
printf("IP addresses for %s:\n", argv[1]);
for (p = res; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
void *addr;
char *ipver;
// get the pointer to the address itself,
// different fields in IPv4 and IPv6:
if (p->ai_family == AF_INET) { // IPv4
struct sockaddr_in *ipv4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)p->ai_addr;
addr = &(ipv4->sin_addr);
ipver = "IPv4";
} else { // IPv6
struct sockaddr_in6 *ipv6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)p->ai_addr;
addr = &(ipv6->sin6_addr);
ipver = "IPv6";
}
// convert the IP to a string and print it:
inet_ntop(p->ai_family, addr, ipstr, sizeof ipstr);
printf(" %s: %s\n", ipver, ipstr);
}
freeaddrinfo(res); // free the linked list
return 0;
}
getaddrinfo
返回的链表。freeaddrinfo
函数释放链表。AF_INET6
。通过以上方法,可以在C语言中实现域名到IP地址的解析,并解决常见的相关问题。
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