如何从文件的完整路径获取目录？

import os

file_path = "/user/data/example.txt"
directory = os.path.dirname(file_path)
print(directory)

const path = require("path");

const filePath = "/user/data/example.txt";
const directory = path.dirname(filePath);
console.log(directory);

import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filePath = "/user/data/example.txt";
        Path path = Paths.get(filePath);
        Path directory = path.getParent();
        System.out.println(directory);
    }
}

$filePath = "/user/data/example.txt";
$directory = dirname($filePath);
echo $directory;