如何在字典中使用数据类？

from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict

# 定义一个数据类
@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int
    city: str

# 创建一个Person实例
person = Person(name="Alice", age=30, city="New York")

# 将数据类实例转换为字典
person_dict = asdict(person)
print(person_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}

# 在字典中存储数据类实例
people = {
    "person1": Person(name="Bob", age=25, city="Los Angeles"),
    "person2": Person(name="Charlie", age=35, city="Chicago")
}

# 访问字典中的数据类实例
print(people["person1"].name)  # 输出: Bob

# 如果需要，可以将字典中的实例转换回数据类
person_from_dict = Person(**person_dict)
print(person_from_dict)  # 输出: Person(name='Alice', age=30, city='New York')

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

@dataclass
class WithList:
    name: str
    tags: list = field(default_factory=list)

# 创建实例
with_list = WithList(name="Example", tags=["tag1", "tag2"])

# 转换为字典
with_list_dict = asdict(with_list)
print(with_list_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Example', 'tags': ['tag1', 'tag2']}