如何在Python 中对对象执行自省？

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def introduce(self):
        print(f"My name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")

p = Person("Alice", 30)

# 对对象执行自省
attributes_and_methods = dir(p)
print(attributes_and_methods)

['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'age', 'introduce', 'name']

# 过滤特殊属性和方法
important_attributes_and_methods = [attribute for attribute in dir(p) if not attribute.startswith('__') and not callable(getattr(p, attribute))]
print(important_attributes_and_methods)

['age', 'name']