如何在R中拆分列名和删除部分列名并将数据从宽格式转换为长格式

install.packages("tidyr")
install.packages("dplyr")

library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)

data <- data.frame(
  ID = 1:3,
  Name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"),
  Score_Math = c(85, 90, 78),
  Score_English = c(88, 85, 92),
  Score_Science = c(90, 88, 85)
)

# 使用pivot_longer()函数将数据从宽格式转换为长格式
long_data <- data %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = starts_with("Score_"),  # 选择以"Score_"开头的列
    names_to = c("Subject", ".value"),  # 将列名拆分为"Subject"和".value"
    names_sep = "_"  # 使用"_"作为分隔符
  ) %>%
  select(-ID)  # 删除ID列

# 查看转换后的数据
print(long_data)

# A tibble: 9 x 3
  Name  Subject Score
  <chr> <chr>   <dbl>
1 Alice Math       85
2 Alice English    88
3 Alice Science    90
4 Bob   Math       90
5 Bob   English    85
6 Bob   Science    88
7 Charlie Math      78
8 Charlie English   92
9 Charlie Science   85