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详解 C++ 11 中的智能指针

C/C++ 语言最为人所诟病的特性之一就是存在内存泄露问题,因此后来的大多数语言都提供了内置内存分配与释放功能,有的甚至干脆对语言的使用者屏蔽了内存指针这一概念。这里不置贬褒,手动分配内存与手动释放内存有利也有弊,自动分配内存和自动释放内存亦如此,这是两种不同的设计哲学。有人认为,内存如此重要的东西怎么能放心交给用户去管理呢?而另外一些人则认为,内存如此重要的东西怎么能放心交给系统去管理呢?在 C/C++ 语言中,内存泄露的问题一直困扰着广大的开发者,因此各类库和工具的一直在努力尝试各种方法去检测和避免内存泄露,如 boost,智能指针技术应运而生。

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fio基础11

rdma The RDMA I/O engine supports both RDMA memory semantics (RDMA_WRITE/RDMA_READ) and channel semantics (Send/Recv) for the InfiniBand, RoCE and iWARP protocols. falloc IO engine that does regular fallocate to simulate data transfer as fio ioengine. DDIR_READ does fallocate(,mode = keep_size,) DDIR_WRITE does fallocate(,mode = 0) DDIR_TRIM does fallocate(,mode = punch_hole) e4defrag IO engine that does regular EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT ioctls to simulate defragment activity in request to DDIR_WRITE event rbd IO engine supporting direct access to Ceph Rados Block Devices (RBD) via librbd without the need to use the kernel rbd driver. This ioengine defines engine specific options. gfapi Using Glusterfs libgfapi sync interface to direct access to Glusterfs volumes without options. gfapi_async Using Glusterfs libgfapi async interface to direct access to Glusterfs volumes without having to go through FUSE. This ioengine defines engine specific options. libhdfs Read and write through Hadoop (HDFS). The 'filename' option is used to specify host, port of the hdfs name-node to connect. This engine interprets offsets a little differently. In HDFS, files once created cannot be modified. So random writes are not possible. To imitate this, libhdfs engine expects bunch of small files to be created over HDFS, and engine will randomly pick a file out of those files based on the offset generated by fio backend. (see the example job file to create such files, use rw=write option). Please note, you might want to set necessary environment variables to work with hdfs/libhdfs properly. mtd Read, write and erase an MTD character device (e.g., /dev/mtd0). Discards are treated as erases. Depending on the underlying device type, the I/O may have to go in a certain pattern, e.g., on NAND, writing sequentially to erase blocks and discarding before overwriting. The w

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