如果没有if else，如何处理Spring-MVC项目中的错误？

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(Exception ex) {
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), ex.getMessage());
        return new ResponseEntity<>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleNotFoundException(NotFoundException ex) {
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value(), ex.getMessage());
        return new ResponseEntity<>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
    }
}

@Controller
public class CustomErrorController implements ErrorController {

    @RequestMapping("/error")
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleError(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
        Exception exception = (Exception) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception");
        String errorMessage = exception != null ? exception.getMessage() : "Unknown error";
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(statusCode, errorMessage);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode));
    }

    public String getErrorPath() {
        return "/error";
    }
}

@Aspect
@Component
public class ExceptionHandlingAspect {

    @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "execution(* com.example.controller.*.*(..))", throwing = "ex")
    public void handleException(Exception ex) {
        // 记录日志或进行其他处理
        System.err.println("Exception occurred: " + ex.getMessage());
    }
}

public class Result<T> {
    private int code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    // 构造函数、getter和setter省略
}

@Controller
public class ExampleController {

    @GetMapping("/example")
    public Result<String> example() {
        try {
            // 业务逻辑
            return new Result<>(200, "Success", "Some data");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return new Result<>(500, e.getMessage(), null);
        }
    }
}