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Python数据分析(中英对照)·Introduction to NumPy Arrays NumPy 数组简介

NumPy is a Python module designed for scientific computation. NumPy是为科学计算而设计的Python模块。 NumPy has several very useful features. NumPy有几个非常有用的特性。 Here are some examples. 这里有一些例子。 NumPy arrays are n-dimensional array objects and they are a core component of scientific and numerical computation in Python. NumPy数组是n维数组对象,是Python中科学和数值计算的核心组件。 NumPy also provides tools for integrating your code with existing C,C++, and Fortran code. NUMPY还提供了将代码与现有C、C++和FORTRAN代码集成的工具。 NumPy also provides many useful tools to help you perform linear algebra, generate random numbers, and much, much more. NumPy还提供了许多有用的工具来帮助您执行线性代数、生成随机数等等。 You can learn more about NumPy from the website numpy.org. 您可以从网站NumPy.org了解更多关于NumPy的信息。 NumPy arrays are an additional data type provided by NumPy,and they are used for representing vectors and matrices. NumPy数组是NumPy提供的附加数据类型,用于表示向量和矩阵。 Unlike dynamically growing Python lists, NumPy arrays have a size that is fixed when they are constructed. 与动态增长的Python列表不同,NumPy数组的大小在构造时是固定的。 Elements of NumPy arrays are also all of the same data type leading to more efficient and simpler code than using Python’s standard data types. NumPy数组的元素也都是相同的数据类型,这使得代码比使用Python的标准数据类型更高效、更简单。 By default, the elements are floating point numbers. 默认情况下,元素是浮点数。 Let’s start by constructing an empty vector and an empty matrix. 让我们先构造一个空向量和一个空矩阵。 By the way, don’t worry if you’re not that familiar with matrices. 顺便说一句,如果你对矩阵不太熟悉,别担心。 You can just think of them as two-dimensional tables. 你可以把它们想象成二维表格。 We will always use the following way to import NumPy into Python– import numpy as np. 我们将始终使用以下方法将NumPy导入Python——将NumPy作为np导入。 This is the import we will always use. 这是我们将始终使用的导入。 We’re first going to define our first zero vector using the numpy np.zeros function. 我们首先要用numpy np.zeros函数定义我们的第一个零向量。 In this case, if we would like to have five elements in the vector,we can just type np.zeros and place the number 5 inside the parentheses. 在这种情况下,如果我们想在向量中有五个元素,我们可以只键入np.zero并将数字5放在括号内。 We can defin

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基于Jupyter快速入门Python|Numpy|Scipy|Matplotlib

在深入探讨 Python 之前,简要地谈谈笔记本。Jupyter 笔记本允许在网络浏览器中本地编写并执行 Python 代码。Jupyter 笔记本使得可以轻松地调试代码并分段执行,因此它们在科学计算中得到了广泛的应用。另一方面,Colab 是 Google 的 Jupyter 笔记本版本,特别适合机器学习和数据分析,完全在云端运行。Colab 可以说是 Jupyter 笔记本的加强版:它免费,无需任何设置,预装了许多包,易于与世界共享,并且可以免费访问硬件加速器,如 GPU 和 TPU(有一些限制)。 在 Jupyter 笔记本中运行教程。如果希望使用 Jupyter 在本地运行笔记本,请确保虚拟环境已正确安装(按照设置说明操作),激活它,然后运行 pip install notebook 来安装 Jupyter 笔记本。接下来,打开笔记本并将其下载到选择的目录中,方法是右键单击页面并选择“Save Page As”。然后,切换到该目录并运行 jupyter notebook。

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Python数据分析(中英对照)·Using the NumPy Random Module 使用 NumPy 随机模块

NumPy makes it possible to generate all kinds of random variables. NumPy使生成各种随机变量成为可能。 We’ll explore just a couple of them to get you familiar with the NumPy random module. 为了让您熟悉NumPy随机模块,我们将探索其中的几个模块。 The reason for using NumPy to deal with random variables is that first, it has a broad range of different kinds of random variables. 使用NumPy来处理随机变量的原因是,首先,它有广泛的不同种类的随机变量。 And second, it’s also very fast. 第二,速度也很快。 Let’s start with generating numbers from the standard uniform distribution,which is a the completely flat distribution between 0 and 1 such that any floating point number between these two endpoints is equally likely. 让我们从标准均匀分布开始生成数字,这是一个0和1之间完全平坦的分布,因此这两个端点之间的任何浮点数的可能性相等。 We will first important NumPy as np as usual. 我们会像往常一样,先做一个重要的事情。 To generate just one realization from this distribution,we’ll type np dot random dot random. 为了从这个分布生成一个实现,我们将键入np-dot-random-dot-random。 And this enables us to generate one realization from the 0 1 uniform distribution. 这使我们能够从01均匀分布生成一个实现。 We can use the same function to generate multiple realizations or an array of random numbers from the same distribution. 我们可以使用同一个函数从同一个分布生成多个实现或一个随机数数组。 If I wanted to generate a 1d array of numbers,I will simply insert the size of that array, say 5 in this case. 如果我想生成一个一维数字数组,我只需插入该数组的大小,在本例中为5。 And that would generate five random numbers drawn from the 0 1 uniform distribution. 这将从0-1均匀分布中产生五个随机数。 It’s also possible to use the same function to generate a 2d array of random numbers. 也可以使用相同的函数生成随机数的2d数组。 In this case, inside the parentheses we need to insert as a tuple the dimensions of that array. 在本例中,我们需要在括号内插入该数组的维度作为元组。 The first argument is the number of rows,and the second argument is the number of columns. 第一个参数是行数,第二个参数是列数。 In this case, we have generated a table — a 2d table of random numbers with five rows and three columns. 在本例中,我们生成了一个表——一个由五行三列随机数组成的二维表。 Let’s then look at the normal distribution. 让我们看看正态分布。 It requires the mean and the standard deviation as its input parameters. 它需

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Python数据分析(中英对照)·Slicing NumPy Arrays 切片 NumPy 数组

It’s easy to index and slice NumPy arrays regardless of their dimension,meaning whether they are vectors or matrices. 索引和切片NumPy数组很容易,不管它们的维数如何,也就是说它们是向量还是矩阵。 With one-dimension arrays, we can index a given element by its position, keeping in mind that indices start at 0. 使用一维数组,我们可以根据给定元素的位置对其进行索引,记住索引从0开始。 With two-dimensional arrays, the first index specifies the row of the array and the second index 对于二维数组,第一个索引指定数组的行,第二个索引指定行 specifies the column of the array. 指定数组的列。 This is exactly the way we would index elements of a matrix in linear algebra. 这正是我们在线性代数中索引矩阵元素的方法。 We can also slice NumPy arrays. 我们还可以切片NumPy数组。 Remember the indexing logic. 记住索引逻辑。 Start index is included but stop index is not,meaning that Python stops before it hits the stop index. 包含开始索引,但不包含停止索引,这意味着Python在到达停止索引之前停止。 NumPy arrays can have more dimensions than one of two. NumPy数组的维度可以多于两个数组中的一个。 For example, you could have three or four dimensional arrays. 例如,可以有三维或四维数组。 With multi-dimensional arrays, you can use the colon character in place of a fixed value for an index, which means that the array elements corresponding to all values of that particular index will be returned. 对于多维数组,可以使用冒号字符代替索引的固定值,这意味着将返回与该特定索引的所有值对应的数组元素。 For a two-dimensional array, using just one index returns the given row which is consistent with the construction of 2D arrays as lists of lists, where the inner lists correspond to the rows of the array. 对于二维数组,只使用一个索引返回给定的行,该行与二维数组作为列表的构造一致,其中内部列表对应于数组的行。 Let’s then do some practice. 然后让我们做一些练习。 I’m first going to define two one-dimensional arrays,called lower case x and lower case y. 我首先要定义两个一维数组,叫做小写x和小写y。 And I’m also going to define two two-dimensional arrays,and I’m going to denote them with capital X and capital Y. Let’s first see how we would access a single element of the array. 我还将定义两个二维数组,我将用大写字母X和大写字母Y表示它们。让我们先看看如何访问数组中的单个元素。 So just typing x square bracket 2 gives me the element located at position 2 of x. 所以只要输入x方括号2,就得到了位于x的位置2的元素。 I can also do slicing. 我也会做切片。 So

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