派生类如何获取基类的成员？

#include <iostream>

// 基类
class Base {
public:
    int publicVar = 10;
protected:
    int protectedVar = 20;
private:
    int privateVar = 30; // 派生类无法直接访问

    void privateMethod() {
        std::cout << "Base private method" << std::endl;
    }

public:
    void publicMethod() {
        std::cout << "Base public method" << std::endl;
    }

    void accessPrivateMembers() {
        std::cout << "Private Var: " << privateVar << std::endl;
        privateMethod();
    }
};

// 派生类
class Derived : public Base {
public:
    void accessBaseMembers() {
        // 直接访问基类的public和protected成员
        std::cout << "Public Var from Base: " << publicVar << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Protected Var from Base: " << protectedVar << std::endl;

        // 无法直接访问基类的private成员
        // std::cout << privateVar << std::endl; // 错误
        // privateMethod(); // 错误

        // 通过基类方法访问私有成员
        accessPrivateMembers();
    }

    void overrideMethod() {
        std::cout << "Derived method overriding Base method" << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Derived d;
    d.accessBaseMembers();
    d.publicMethod(); // 调用基类的public方法
    d.overrideMethod(); // 调用派生类重写的方法
    return 0;
}