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    快速学习-NameNode和SecondaryNameNode

    思考:NameNode中的元数据是存储在哪里的? 首先,我们做个假设,如果存储在NameNode节点的磁盘中,因为经常需要进行随机访问,还有响应客户请求,必然是效率过低。因此,元数据需要存放在内存中。但如果只存在内存中,一旦断电,元数据丢失,整个集群就无法工作了。因此产生在磁盘中备份元数据的FsImage。 这样又会带来新的问题,当在内存中的元数据更新时,如果同时更新FsImage,就会导致效率过低,但如果不更新,就会发生一致性问题,一旦NameNode节点断电,就会产生数据丢失。因此,引入Edits文件(只进行追加操作,效率很高)。每当元数据有更新或者添加元数据时,修改内存中的元数据并追加到Edits中。这样,一旦NameNode节点断电,可以通过FsImage和Edits的合并,合成元数据。 但是,如果长时间添加数据到Edits中,会导致该文件数据过大,效率降低,而且一旦断电,恢复元数据需要的时间过长。因此,需要定期进行FsImage和Edits的合并,如果这个操作由NameNode节点完成,又会效率过低。因此,引入一个新的节点SecondaryNamenode,专门用于FsImage和Edits的合并。 NN和2NN工作机制,如图3-14所示。

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    hadoop记录

    RDBMS Hadoop Data Types RDBMS relies on the structured data and the schema of the data is always known. Any kind of data can be stored into Hadoop i.e. Be it structured, unstructured or semi-structured. Processing RDBMS provides limited or no processing capabilities. Hadoop allows us to process the data which is distributed across the cluster in a parallel fashion. Schema on Read Vs. Write RDBMS is based on ‘schema on write’ where schema validation is done before loading the data. On the contrary, Hadoop follows the schema on read policy. Read/Write Speed In RDBMS, reads are fast because the schema of the data is already known. The writes are fast in HDFS because no schema validation happens during HDFS write. Cost Licensed software, therefore, I have to pay for the software. Hadoop is an open source framework. So, I don’t need to pay for the software. Best Fit Use Case RDBMS is used for OLTP (Online Trasanctional Processing) system. Hadoop is used for Data discovery, data analytics or OLAP system. RDBMS 与 Hadoop

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    hadoop记录 - 乐享诚美

    RDBMS Hadoop Data Types RDBMS relies on the structured data and the schema of the data is always known. Any kind of data can be stored into Hadoop i.e. Be it structured, unstructured or semi-structured. Processing RDBMS provides limited or no processing capabilities. Hadoop allows us to process the data which is distributed across the cluster in a parallel fashion. Schema on Read Vs. Write RDBMS is based on ‘schema on write’ where schema validation is done before loading the data. On the contrary, Hadoop follows the schema on read policy. Read/Write Speed In RDBMS, reads are fast because the schema of the data is already known. The writes are fast in HDFS because no schema validation happens during HDFS write. Cost Licensed software, therefore, I have to pay for the software. Hadoop is an open source framework. So, I don’t need to pay for the software. Best Fit Use Case RDBMS is used for OLTP (Online Trasanctional Processing) system. Hadoop is used for Data discovery, data analytics or OLAP system. RDBMS 与 Hadoop

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    译文|用大数据重新定义客户忠诚度系统!

    从以奖励为基础的尝试中建立真实的客户关系 一个忠诚度系统不应当是关于积分、奖励或地位的。虽然这些福利可以吸引消费者,但它们不能培养起忠诚度。这些系统的重点应当是,收集大量数据以便用于构建既有利于消费者又有利于品牌的关系。 在这里“有用”非常关键——因为消费者其实并不真正在乎企业是否保持数据简洁并且具有相关性。每个人在这一点或者其他某一点上可能在一项关于忠诚度的注册表上对他们的年龄撒谎,这已经不是什么秘密了。或选择不回答调查问题,故意或者无意地提供了不正确的数据,或以他们永不检查的、垃圾邮件地址作为联系方式。

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