java中具有基本身份验证的Get和Post API调用

在Java中实现具有基本身份验证的GET和POST API调用，通常涉及到使用HTTP客户端库来发送请求，并在请求头中包含身份验证信息。基本身份验证是一种简单的身份验证方案，其中客户端将用户名和密码以Base64编码的形式发送到服务器。

基本概念

基本身份验证是一种HTTP协议内置的身份验证机制，它通过在请求头中添加Authorization字段来传递用户名和密码。这个字段的值通常是Basic后跟一个冒号分隔的用户名和密码的Base64编码字符串。

优势

简单易实现。
广泛支持，几乎所有的HTTP服务器和客户端都支持基本身份验证。

类型

基本身份验证属于HTTP协议的一部分，没有进一步的类型划分。

应用场景

内部API调用。
小型项目或测试环境中的身份验证。
当安全性要求不是特别高时。

示例代码

以下是使用Java的HttpURLConnection类来实现具有基本身份验证的GET和POST请求的示例代码。

GET请求

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Base64;

public class BasicAuthGetExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String url = "https://api.example.com/data";
            String userCredentials = "username:password";
            String basicAuth = "Basic " + new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(userCredentials.getBytes()));

            URL obj = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
            con.setRequestMethod("GET");
            con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", basicAuth);

            int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
            System.out.println("GET Response Code :: " + responseCode);

            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // success
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
                String inputLine;
                StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

                while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    response.append(inputLine);
                }
                in.close();

                // print result
                System.out.println(response.toString());
            } else {
                System.out.println("GET request not worked");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

POST请求

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Base64;

public class BasicAuthPostExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String url = "https://api.example.com/data";
            String userCredentials = "username:password";
            String basicAuth = "Basic " + new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(userCredentials.getBytes()));

            URL obj = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
            con.setRequestMethod("POST");
            con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", basicAuth);
            con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");

            // For POST only - START
            con.setDoOutput(true);
            OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
            os.write("{\"key\":\"value\"}".getBytes());
            os.flush();
            os.close();
            // For POST only - END

            int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
            System.out.println("POST Response Code :: " + responseCode);

            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // success
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
                String inputLine;
                StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

                while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    response.append(inputLine);
                }
                in.close();

                // print result
                System.out.println(response.toString());
            } else {
                System.out.println("POST request not worked");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}