js 解释url

const urlString = 'https://www.example.com/path/to/page?query=string#fragment';
const url = new URL(urlString);

console.log(url.protocol); // "https:"
console.log(url.hostname); // "www.example.com"
console.log(url.pathname); // "/path/to/page"
console.log(url.search); // "?query=string"
console.log(url.hash); // "#fragment"

const params = new URLSearchParams(url.search);
console.log(params.get('query')); // "string"

const baseUrl = new URL('https://www.example.com');
baseUrl.pathname = '/new/path';
baseUrl.searchParams.append('newParam', 'newValue');
console.log(baseUrl.toString()); // "https://www.example.com/new/path?newParam=newValue"

const encoded = encodeURIComponent('https://www.example.com/?query=string with spaces');
console.log(encoded); // "https%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dstring+with+spaces"

const decoded = decodeURIComponent(encoded);
console.log(decoded); // "https://www.example.com/?query=string with spaces"

const baseUrl = new URL('https://www.example.com/path/');
const relativeUrl = new URL('to/page', baseUrl);
console.log(relativeUrl.toString()); // "https://www.example.com/path/to/page"