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    wpa_supplicant详解

    WPA是WiFi Protected Access的缩写,中文含义为“WiFi网络安全存取”。WPA是一种基于标准的可互操作的WLAN安全性增强解决方案,可大大增强现有以及未来无线局域网络的数据保护和访问控制水平。 wpa_supplicant是一个开源项目,已经被移植到Linux,Windows以及很多嵌入式系统上。它是WPA的应用层认证客户端,负责完成认证相关的登录、加密等工作。 wpa_supplicant是一个 独立运行的 守护进程,其核心是一个消息循环,在消息循环中处理WPA状态机、控制命令、驱动事件、配置信息等。 经过编译后 的 wpa_supplicant源程序可以看到两个主要的可执行工具:wpa_supplicant 和 wpa_cli。wpa_supplicant是核心程序,它和wpa_cli的关系就是服务和客户端的关系:后台运行wpa_supplicant,使用 wpa_cli来搜索、设置、和连接网络。 Android使用一个修改版wpa_supplicant作为daemon来控制WIFI,它是一个安全中间件,代码位于external/wpa_supplicant,为各种无线网卡提供统一的安全机制,wpa_supplicant是通过socket与hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi/wifi.c通信,如下图所示:

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    安卓system文件夹_system文件丢失

    \system\app 这个里面主要存放的是常规下载的应用程序,可以看到都是以APK格式结尾的文件。在这个文件夹下的程序为系统默认的组件,自己安装的软件将不会出现在这里,而是/data/文件夹中 \system\app\AlarmClock.apk 闹钟 \system\app\AlarmClock.odex \system\app\Browser.apk 浏览器 \system\app\Browser.odex \system\app\Bugreport.apk Bug报告 \system\app\Bugreport.odex \system\app\Calculator.apk 计算器 \system\app\Calculator.odex \system\app\Calendar.apk 日历 \system\app\Calendar.odex \system\app\CalendarProvider.apk 日历提供 \system\app\CalendarProvider.odex \system\app\Camera.apk 照相机 \system\app\Camera.odex \system\app\com.amazon.mp3.apk 亚马逊音乐 \system\app\Contacts.apk 联系人 \system\app\Contacts.odex \system\app\DownloadProvider.apk 下载提供 \system\app\DownloadProvider.odex \system\app\DrmProvider.apk DRM数字版权提供 \system\app\DrmProvider.odex \system\app\Email.apk 电子邮件客户端 \system\app\Email.odex \system\app\FieldTest.apk 测试程序 \system\app\FieldTest.odex \system\app\GDataFeedsProvider.apk GoogleData提供 \system\app\GDataFeedsProvider.odex \system\app\Gmail.apk Gmail电子邮件 \system\app\Gmail.odex \system\app\GmailProvider.apk Gmail提供 \system\app\GmailProvider.odex \system\app\GoogleApps.apk 谷歌程序包 \system\app\GoogleApps.odex \system\app\GoogleSearch.apk 搜索工具 \system\app\GoogleSearch.odex \system\app\gtalkservice.apk GTalk服务 \system\app\gtalkservice.odex \system\app\HTMLViewer.apk HTML查看器 \system\app\HTMLViewer.odex \system\app\IM.apk 即使通讯组件包含MSN、yahoo通 \system\app\ImCredentialProvider.apk \system\app\ImProvider.apk \system\app\ImProvider.odex \system\app\Launcher.apk 启动加载器 \system\app\Launcher.odex \system\app\Maps.apk 电子地图 \system\app\Maps.odex \system\app\MediaProvider.apk 多媒体播放提供 \system\app\MediaProvider.odex \system\app\Mms.apk 短信、彩信 \system\app\Mms.odex \system\app\Music.apk 音乐播放器 \system\app\Music.odex \system\app\MyFaves.apk T-Mobile MyFaves程序 \system\app\MyFaves.odex \system\app\PackageInstaller.apk apk安装程序 \system\app\PackageInstaller.odex \system\app\Phone.apk 电话拨号器 \system\app\Phone.odex \system\app\Settings.apk 系统设置 \system\app\Settings.odex \system\app\SettingsProvi

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    hostapd 配置「建议收藏」

    hostapd is an IEEE 802.11 AP and IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP/RADIUS Authenticator. This page is dedicated to the Linux documentation of it’s implementation and use. Please refer to the hostapd home page for information for other Operating Systems. As far a Linux is concerned, out of the old drivers you can only use these 3 drivers with hostapd: HostAP madwifi prism54 All new mac80211 based drivers that implement AP functionality are supported with hostapd’s nl80211 driver. The mac80211 subsystem moves all aspects of master mode into user space. It depends on hostapd to handle authenticating clients, setting encryption keys, establishing key rotation policy, and other aspects of the wireless infrastructure. Due to this, the old method of issuing ‘ iwconfig <wireless interface> mode master’ no longer works. Userspace programs like hostapd now use netlink (the nl80211 driver) to create a master mode interface for your traffic and a monitor mode interface for receiving and transmitting management frames. Getting hostapd Using your distributions hostapd It is advisable to try your distributions version of hostapd before taking the time to compile and install your own copy. This will make future maintenance easier as you’ll be able to use the init scripts shipped by the distro and hostapd will be updated by it as well. If your distribution ships 0.6.8 or later, you can test with this bare minimum config by creating the file hostapd-minimal.conf: #change wlan0 to your wireless device interface=wlan0 driver=nl80211 ssid=test channel=1 If that config errors out with something like: hostapd $ sudo hostapd ./hostapd-minimal.conf Configuration file: ./hostapd-minimal.conf Line 2: invalid/unknown driver ‘nl80211’ 1 errors found in configuration file ‘./hostapd-minimal.conf’ that means that your distro is not shipping hostapd with nl80211 driver support and you’ll need to follow the building instructions that follow. If it works, you can skip down to the configuring hostapd secti

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