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C++11 Unicode支持

在C++98中,为了支持Unicode字符,使用wchar_t类型来表示“宽字符”,但并没有严格规定位宽,而是让wchar_t的宽度由编译器实现,因此不同的编译器有着不同的实现方式,GNU C++规定wchar_t为32位,Visual C++规定为16位。由于wchar_t宽度没有一个统规定,导致使用wchar_t的代码在不同平台间移植时,可能出现问题。这一状况在C++11中得到了一定的改善,从此Unicode字符的存储有了统一类型: (1)char16_t:用于存储UTF-16编码的Unicode字符。 (2)char32_t:用于存储UTF-32编码的Unicode字符。 至于UTF-8编码的Unicode数据,C++11还是使用了8bits宽度的char类型数组来表示,而char16_t和char32_t的宽度由其名称可以看出,char16_t为16bits,char32_t为32bits。

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linux文件树

以前有意找这方面的资料,今天突然发现在系统中就有 linux系统用man hier solaris用man  filesystem 其结果如下        /      This is the root directory.  This is where the whole tree starts.        /bin   This directory contains executable programs which are needed in sin-               gle user mode and to bring the system up or repair it.        /boot  Contains static files for the  boot  loader.   This  directory  only               holds  the  files which are needed during the boot process.  The map               installer and configuration files should go to /sbin and /etc.        /dev   Special or device files,  which  refer  to  physical  devices.   See               mknod(1).        /dos   If  both MS-DOS and Linux are run on one computer, this is a typical               place to mount a DOS file system.        /etc   Contains configuration files which are local to the  machine.   Some               larger  software  packages, like X11, can have their own subdirecto-               ries below /etc.  Site-wide configuration files may be  placed  here               or in /usr/etc.  Nevertheless, programs should always look for these               files in /etc and you may have links for these files to /usr/etc.        /etc/opt               Host-specific configuration files for add-on applications  installed               in /opt.        /etc/sgml               This  directory  contains  the  configuration files for SGML and XML               (optional).        /etc/skel               When a new user account is created, files from  this  directory  are               usually copied into the user’s home directory.        /etc/X11               Configuration files for the X11 window system (optional).        /home  On  machines  with  home  directories  for  users, these are usually               beneath this directory, directly or  not.   The  structure  of  this               directory depends on local administration decisions.        /lib   This directory should hold those shared libraries th

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