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    聊聊java中的哪些Map:(四)LinkedHashMap源码分析

    在前面对LinkedList进行分析的时候说到,LinkedList实际上性能比ArrayList不会高多少,只有在前向插入的时候才能比ArrayList性能高。因为LinkedList虽然在remove和insert的操作不需要数据拷贝,但是寻址需要时间,也就是说此从链表中找到需要操作的节点需要时间,只能根据链表挨个遍历。那么当时就在想,查询链表中的某一个元素能不能将O(n)的时间复杂度变为O(1)呢,那样就能充分利用链表的特点。实际上我们本章讨论的LinkedHashMap就是这样一个数据结构。其综合了HashMap和链表的优点,虽然数据结构比LinkedList更加复杂,每一个节点Entry都增加了很多指针,但是在某些场景下,是可以同时发挥Hashmap和链表的优点的数据结构。

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    【阅读】A Comprehensive Survey on Distributed Training of Graph Neural Networks——翻译

    Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to be a powerful algorithmic model in broad application fields for their effectiveness in learning over graphs. To scale GNN training up for large-scale and ever-growing graphs, the most promising solution is distributed training which distributes the workload of training across multiple computing nodes. However, the workflows, computational patterns, communication patterns, and optimization techniques of distributed GNN training remain preliminarily understood. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of distributed GNN training by investigating various optimization techniques used in distributed GNN training. First, distributed GNN training is classified into several categories according to their workflows. In addition, their computational patterns and communication patterns, as well as the optimization techniques proposed by recent work are introduced. Second, the software frameworks and hardware platforms of distributed GNN training are also introduced for a deeper understanding. Third, distributed GNN training is compared with distributed training of deep neural networks, emphasizing the uniqueness of distributed GNN training. Finally, interesting issues and opportunities in this field are discussed.

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