首页
学习
活动
专区
工具
TVP
发布
精选内容/技术社群/优惠产品,尽在小程序
立即前往
您找到你想要的搜索结果了吗?
是的
没有找到

计算机行业的变革速度

Something vaguely analogous has happened in the computer industry. Each new species (mainframe, minicomputer, personal computer, handheld, embedded computer, smart card, etc.) seems to go through the development that its ancestors did, both in hardware and in software. We often forget that much of what happens in the computer business and a lot of other fields is technology driven. The reason the ancient Romans lacked cars is not that they liked walking so much. It is be- cause they did not know how to build cars. Personal computers exist not because millions of people have a centuries-old pent-up desire to own a computer, but be- cause it is now possible to manufacture them cheaply. We often forget how much technology affects our view of systems and it is worth reflecting on this point from time to time. In particular, it frequently happens that a change in technology renders some idea obsolete and it quickly vanishes. However, another change in technology could revive it again. This is especially true when the change has to do with the relative performance of different parts of the system. For instance, when CPUs became much faster than memories, caches became important to speed up the "'slow" memory. If new memory technology someday makes memories much faster than CPUs, caches will vanish. And if a new CPU technology makes them faster than memories again, caches will reappear. In biology, extinction is forever, but in computer science, it is sometimes only for a few years.

03

人工神经网络到底能干什么?到底在干什么?

早在1943 年,神经科学家和控制论专家Warren McCulloch 与逻辑学家Walter Pitts就基于数学和阈值逻辑算法创造了一种神经网络计算模型。其中最基本的组成成分是神经元(Neuron)模型,即上述定义中的“简单单元”(Neuron 也可以被称为Unit)。在生物学所定义的神经网络中(如图1所示),每个神经元与其他神经元相连,并且当某个神经元处于兴奋状态时,它就会向其他相连的神经元传输化学物质,这些化学物质会改变与之相连的神经元的电位,当某个神经元的电位超过一个阈值后,此神经元即被激活并开始向其他神经元发送化学物质。Warren McCulloch 和Walter Pitts 将上述生物学中所描述的神经网络抽象为一个简单的线性模型(如图2所示),这就是一直沿用至今的“McCulloch-Pitts 神经元模型”,或简称为“MP 模型”。

01
领券