关系型数据库MySQL多实例

简介

MySQL数据库是一个中小型关系型数据库管理系统，软件开发者为瑞典MySQL AB公司。在2008年1月16号被Sun公司收购后Sun公司又被oracle公司收购。目前MySQL被广泛地应用在Internet上的大中小型网站中。由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，许多大中小型网站为了降低网站成本而选择了MySQL作为网站数据库，甚至国内知名的淘宝网也选择弃用ORACLE而更换为更开放的MySQL。其实就是一个存数据的地方~

环境准备

系统环境：CentOS7

基础优化：略

关闭selinux关闭防火墙：略

服务器IP：192.168.110.20

安装

yum install mariadb mariadb-server#mariadb是mysql的一个分支

useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin#如有mysql用户可以忽略

配置

mkdir -p /data//data#多实例存放目录

vim /data/3306/my.cnf#优化好的配置文件

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]

user = mysql

port = 3306

server-id =1

socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr

datadir = /data/3306/data

pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid

relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin

relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info

open_files_limit = 1024

back_log = 600

max_connections = 800

max_connect_errors = 3000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 100

thread_concurrency = 2

query_cache_size = 2M

query_cache_limit = 1M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

#default_table_type = InnoDB

thread_stack = 192k

#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 2M

long_query_time = 1

binlog_cache_size = 1M

max_binlog_cache_size = 1M

max_binlog_size = 2M

key_buffer_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M

lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-name-resolve

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062

replicate-ignore-db=mysql

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M

innodb_log_file_size = 4M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]

log-error = /data/3306/mysql_wsy3306.err

pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

写启动脚本

vim /data/3306/mysql

#!/bin/bash

mysql_port=3306

mysql_username="root"

mysql_password=""

function_start_mysql()

{

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/$mysql_port/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

mysqladmin -u $ -p$ -S /data/3306/mysql.sock shutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep $ | awk '')

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep $ | awk '')

}

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql;;

kill)

function_kill_mysql;;

restart)

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql;;

*)

echo "Usage: /data/$mysql_port/mysql ";;

esac

启动

chown -R mysql.mysql /data #权限

mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/ --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql#安装数据库 两个ok为成功

/data/3306/mysql start#启动

echo "/data/3306/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local#加入开机自启动

mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock#连接数据库

其他两个实例配置

只需要稍稍变动一下配置文件

cp /data/3306/my.cnf /data/3307/my.cnf /data/3308/my.cnf

cp /data/3306/mysql /data/3307/mysql /data/3308/mysql

sed -i s#3306#3307#g /data/3307/my.cnf

sed -i s#3306#3308#g /data/3308/my.cnf

sed -i s#3306#3307#g /data/3307/mysql

sed -i s#3306#3308#g /data/3308/mysql

sed -i s#server-id=1#server-id=2#g /data/3307/my.cnf

sed -i s#server-id=1#server-id=2#g /data/3308/my.cnf

mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/ --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql

mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/ --datadir=/data/3308/data --user=mysql

/data/3307/mysql start

/data/3308/mysql start

设置密码：

use mysql

update user set password=password('123456') where user='root'; #自定义密码123456

flush privileges;

密码丢失

方法1：

mysqld_safe -skip-grant-tables & #跳过授权表

mysql -u root mysql

UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(“new password”) WHERE user=’root’;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

方法2：

1、修改mysql的配置文件（默认为/etc/my.cnf）,在[mysqld]下添加一行skip-grant-tables

2、保存配置文件后，重启mysql服务 service mysqld restart

3、mysql -u root -p登录mysql，然后不输入密码直接回车，然后按照上面的流程修改密码

4、密码修改完毕，按照流程1的删除配置文件中的那行，然后重启mysql服务

查看三个端口是不是启动了，多实例就配置好了