一文教你学会Python代理IP

HTTP代理

获取代理IP

首先需要获取一个可用代理IP和端口，可以从以下网站获取IP：

西刺：https://www.xicidaili.com

快代理：https://www.kuaidaili.com/free

站大爷：http://ip.zdaye.com/dayProxy.html

当然，你也可以从其他网站购买更稳定的代理IP。

Urllib

从上述网站获取代理IP， 这里我获取到IP：116.209.59.41，端口：9999

我们从基础的 Urllib 开始学习，来看一下代理的设置方法：

from urllib.error import URLError

from urllib.request import ProxyHandler, build_opener

def http_proxy(ip, port):

proxy = ip + ':' + port

proxy_handler = ProxyHandler({

'http': 'https://' + proxy,

'https': 'https://' + proxy

})

opener = build_opener(proxy_handler)

return opener

if __name__ == "__main__":

opener = http_proxy('116.209.59.41', '9999')

try:

response = opener.open('https://httpbin.org/get')

print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

except URLError as e:

print(e.reason)

运行结果如下：

{

"args": {},

"headers": {

"Accept-Encoding": "identity",

"Connection": "close",

"Host": "httpbin.org",

"User-Agent": "Python-urllib/3.6"

},

"origin": "116.209.59.41",

"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"

}

返回结果是 Json，字段 origin标明了你现在的 IP。正好为代理 IP，不是真实的 IP，这样我们就成功设置好代理，可以使用opener打开任意网址。

Requests

Requests 代理设置代码如下：

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

ip = '116.209.59.41'

port = '9999'

proxy = ip + ':' + port

proxies = {

'http': 'https://' + proxy,

'https': 'https://' + proxy,

}

try:

response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', proxies=proxies)

print(response.text)

except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:

print('Error', e.args)

运行结果：

{

"args": {},

"headers": {

"Accept": "*/*",

"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",

"Connection": "close",

"Host": "httpbin.org",

"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"

},

"origin": "106.185.45.153",

"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"

}

Selenium

Selenium 同样可以设置代理。

elenium 设置代理的代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver

def get_driver_with_proxy(ip, port):

proxy = ip + ':' + port

chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server=https://' + proxy)

browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

return browser

if __name__ == "__main__":

browser = get_driver_with_proxy('106.185.45.153', '9999')

browser.get('https://httpbin.org/get')

这样我们只需要调用browser就可以使用代理IP访问任意网站了。

{

"args": {},

"headers": {

"Accept": "*/*",

"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",

"Connection": "close",

"Host": "httpbin.org",

"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"

},

"origin": "106.185.45.153",

"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"

}

可以看到代理设置成功。

PhantomJS

对于 PhantomJS代理设置代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver

def get_PhantomJS_driver(ip, port):

proxy = ip + ':' + port

args = [

f'--proxy=',

'--proxy-type=http'

]

browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_args=args)

return browser

if __name__ == "__main__":

browser = get_PhantomJS_driver('106.185.45.153', '9999')

browser.get('https://httpbin.org/get')

print(browser.page_source)

通过使用 args 参数进行代理IP设置。

运行结果：

{

"args": {},

"headers": {

"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",

"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",

"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,en,*",

"Connection": "close",

"Host": "httpbin.org",

"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.0 Safari/538.1"

},

"origin": "106.185.45.153",

"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"

}

运行结果的 origin 同样为代理的 IP，设置代理成功。

以上就是简单的一个Pytho的IP代理设置方法。我们只需要结合爬虫，爬取免费代理IP网站上面的IP构建自己的IP池，便可以轻松切换IP进行各种爬虫。