HBase命令行基本操作汇总分享

关于HBase是一个分布式的、面向列的开源数据库，该技术来源于 Fay Chang 所撰写的Google论文“Bigtable：一个结构化数据的分布式存储系统”。就像Bigtable利用了Google文件系统(File System)所提供的分布式数据存储一样，HBase在Hadoop之上提供了类似于Bigtable的能力。HBase是Apache的Hadoop项目的子项目。HBase不同于一般的关系数据库，它是一个适合于非结构化数据存储的数据库。另一个不同的是HBase基于列的而不是基于行的模式。

[hdfs@hadoop1 root]$ hbase

Usage: hbase [] []

Options:

--config DIR Configuration direction to use. Default: ./conf

--hosts HOSTS Override the list in 'regionservers' file

Commands:

Some commands take arguments. Pass no args or -h for usage.

shell Run the HBase shell

hbck Run the hbase 'fsck' tool

hlog Write-ahead-log analyzer

hfile Store file analyzer

zkcli Run the ZooKeeper shell

upgrade Upgrade hbase

master Run an HBase HMaster node

regionserver Run an HBase HRegionServer node

zookeeper Run a Zookeeper server

rest Run an HBase REST server

thrift Run the HBase Thrift server

thrift2 Run the HBase Thrift2 server

clean Run the HBase clean up script

classpath Dump hbase CLASSPATH

mapredcp Dump CLASSPATH entries required by mapreduce

pe Run PerformanceEvaluation

ltt Run LoadTestTool

version Print the version

CLASSNAME Run the class named CLASSNAME

  进入命令行

[root@hadoop1 ~]# hbase shell

  退出命令行

hbase(main):001:0> exit

  查看全部表

hbase(main):001:0> list TABLE 0 row(s) in 1.9500 seconds

  创建表

create '表名称','列名称1',...,'列名称n'

eg:建立一个表scores，有两个列族grad和courese。

hbase(main):004:0> create 'scores','grad','courese'

0 row(s) in 1.5820 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - scores

hbase(main):005:0> list

TABLE

scores

1 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds

=> ["scores"]

  添加记录

put '表名','行键名','列名','单元格值','时间戳'

时间戳可以省略。

hbase(main):009:0> put 'scores','Tom','grad:','5'

hbase(main):011:0> put 'scores','Tom','courese:math','100'

hbase(main):012:0> put 'scores','Tom','courese:art','100'

hbase(main):013:0> put 'scores','Mark','grad','6'

hbase(main):014:0> put 'scores','Mark','courese:english','120'

hbase(main):015:0> put 'scores','Mark','courese:chinese','108'

  查找某条记录

hbase(main):020:0> get 'scores','Mark'

COLUMN CELL

courese:chinese timestamp=1435491529683, value=108

courese:english timestamp=1435491508206, value=120

grad: timestamp=1435491484521, value=6

3 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds

hbase(main):021:0> get 'scores','Mark','grad'

COLUMN CELL

grad: timestamp=1435491484521, value=6

1 row(s) in 0.0390 seconds

  统计行数

hbase> count 'ns1:t1'

hbase> count 't1'

hbase> count 't1', INTERVAL => 100000

hbase> count 't1', CACHE => 1000

hbase> count 't1', INTERVAL => 10, CACHE => 1000

统计一般比较耗时，使用mapreduce进行统计，统计结果会缓存，默认是10行，统计间隔默认是1000行。

hbase(main):038:0> count 'scores'

2 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds

  修改表结构

增加一列族

hbase(main):048:0> alter 'scores',NAME=>'info'

Updating all regions with the new schema...

0/1 regions updated.

1/1 regions updated.

Done.

0 row(s) in 2.4330 seconds

删除一个列族

hbase(main):053:0> alter 'scores',NAME=>'NAME=info',METHOD=>'delete'

Updating all regions with the new schema...

0/1 regions updated.

1/1 regions updated.

Done.

0 row(s) in 2.4670 seconds

hbase(main):055:0> alter 'scores','delete'=>'courese'

  不过不能删除掉，先disable'scores'，修改完之后再enable'scores'。

  删除表

先禁用表

hbase(main):057:0> disable 'scores'

然后删除表

hbase(main):057:0> drop 'scores'

  删除指定数据

delete 'scores','Mark','courese:english'

  删除整行

deleteall '表名','行键'

deleteall 'scores','Mark'(慎用)

  清空表：表结构仍然在

truncate 'scores'