执行SQL语句

最近更新时间:2026-01-29 03:02:37

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1. 接口描述

接口请求域名: tcb.tencentcloudapi.com 。

执行SQL语句

默认接口请求频率限制:20次/秒。

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2. 输入参数

以下请求参数列表仅列出了接口请求参数和部分公共参数,完整公共参数列表见 公共请求参数

参数名称 必选 类型 描述
Action String 公共参数,本接口取值:RunSql。
Version String 公共参数,本接口取值:2018-06-08。
Region String 公共参数,本接口不需要传递此参数。
Sql String 要执行的SQL语句
示例值:CREATE TABLE users (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT)
EnvId String 云开发环境ID
示例值:lowcode-2gx6pjs59ddd3cea
DbInstance DbInstance 数据库连接器实例信息
ReadOnly Boolean 是否只读;当 true 时仅允许以 SELECT/WITH/SHOW/DESCRIBE/DESC/EXPLAIN 开头的 SQL
示例值:false

3. 输出参数

参数名称 类型 描述
Items Array of String 查询结果行,每个元素为 JSON 字符串
示例值:["{"Collation":null,"Comment":"主键ID","Default":null,"Extra":"auto_increment","Field":"id","Key":"PRI","Null":"NO","Privileges":"select,insert,update,references","Type":"bigint(20)"}"]
Infos Array of String 列元数据信息,每个元素为 JSON 字符串,字段包含 name/databaseType/nullable/length/precision/scale
示例值:["{"databaseType":"VARCHAR","length":0,"name":"Field","nullable":false,"precision":0,"scale":0}"]
RowsAffected Integer 受影响的行数(INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE 等语句)
示例值:0
RequestId String 唯一请求 ID,由服务端生成,每次请求都会返回(若请求因其他原因未能抵达服务端,则该次请求不会获得 RequestId)。定位问题时需要提供该次请求的 RequestId。

4. 示例

示例1 创建数据表

输入示例

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: tcb.tencentcloudapi.com
Content-Type: application/json
X-TC-Action: RunSql
<公共请求参数>

{
    "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
    "Sql": "\n    CREATE TABLE `demo_users` (\n        `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',\n        `username` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',\n        `email` VARCHAR(128) NULL COMMENT '邮箱',\n        `status` TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态:1-正常,0-禁用',\n        `created_at` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',\n        `updated_at` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',\n        PRIMARY KEY (`id`),\n        UNIQUE KEY `uk_username` (`username`)\n    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='用户表'\n    ",
    "DbInstance": {
        "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
        "InstanceId": "",
        "Schema": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4"
    }
}

输出示例

{
    "Response": {
        "RequestId": "71aab888-21a1-4871-99d7-de6d418b4558",
        "Infos": [],
        "Items": [],
        "RowsAffected": 0
    }
}

示例2 添加索引

输入示例

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: tcb.tencentcloudapi.com
Content-Type: application/json
X-TC-Action: RunSql
<公共请求参数>

{
    "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
    "Sql": "ALTER TABLE `demo_users` ADD INDEX `idx_email` (`email`)",
    "DbInstance": {
        "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
        "InstanceId": "",
        "Schema": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4"
    }
}

输出示例

{
    "Response": {
        "RequestId": "aacad0bc-4107-4ddf-bd08-b401a925bb78",
        "RowsAffected": 0,
        "Infos": [],
        "Items": []
    }
}

示例3 查询表结构

输入示例

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: tcb.tencentcloudapi.com
Content-Type: application/json
X-TC-Action: RunSql
<公共请求参数>

{
    "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
    "Sql": "SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4`.`demo_users`",
    "DbInstance": {
        "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
        "InstanceId": "",
        "Schema": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4"
    }
}

输出示例

{
    "Response": {
        "RequestId": "b84801f8-439d-4fa6-885c-3011ab9cc3a0",
        "Infos": [
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Field\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"TEXT\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Type\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Collation\",\"nullable\":true,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Null\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Key\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"TEXT\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Default\",\"nullable\":true,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Extra\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Privileges\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"Comment\",\"nullable\":false,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}"
        ],
        "Items": [
            "{\"Collation\":null,\"Comment\":\"主键ID\",\"Default\":null,\"Extra\":\"auto_increment\",\"Field\":\"id\",\"Key\":\"PRI\",\"Null\":\"NO\",\"Privileges\":\"select,insert,update,references\",\"Type\":\"bigint(20)\"}",
            "{\"Collation\":\"utf8mb4_general_ci\",\"Comment\":\"用户名\",\"Default\":null,\"Extra\":\"\",\"Field\":\"username\",\"Key\":\"UNI\",\"Null\":\"NO\",\"Privileges\":\"select,insert,update,references\",\"Type\":\"varchar(64)\"}",
            "{\"Collation\":\"utf8mb4_general_ci\",\"Comment\":\"邮箱\",\"Default\":null,\"Extra\":\"\",\"Field\":\"email\",\"Key\":\"\",\"Null\":\"YES\",\"Privileges\":\"select,insert,update,references\",\"Type\":\"varchar(128)\"}",
            "{\"Collation\":null,\"Comment\":\"状态:1-正常,0-禁用\",\"Default\":\"1\",\"Extra\":\"\",\"Field\":\"status\",\"Key\":\"\",\"Null\":\"NO\",\"Privileges\":\"select,insert,update,references\",\"Type\":\"tinyint(4)\"}",
            "{\"Collation\":null,\"Comment\":\"创建时间\",\"Default\":\"CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\",\"Extra\":\"\",\"Field\":\"created_at\",\"Key\":\"\",\"Null\":\"NO\",\"Privileges\":\"select,insert,update,references\",\"Type\":\"timestamp\"}",
            "{\"Collation\":null,\"Comment\":\"更新时间\",\"Default\":\"CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\",\"Extra\":\"on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\",\"Field\":\"updated_at\",\"Key\":\"\",\"Null\":\"NO\",\"Privileges\":\"select,insert,update,references\",\"Type\":\"timestamp\"}"
        ],
        "RowsAffected": 0
    }
}

示例4 查询所有数据表名

输入示例

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: tcb.tencentcloudapi.com
Content-Type: application/json
X-TC-Action: RunSql
<公共请求参数>

{
    "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
    "Sql": "\n    SELECT TABLE_NAME, TABLE_COMMENT\n    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES\n    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'demo_schema' AND TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'\n    ",
    "DbInstance": {
        "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
        "InstanceId": "demo_conn",
        "Schema": "demo_schema"
    }
}

输出示例

{
    "Response": {
        "RequestId": "d2f65ab5-90b8-4302-94f7-fed040f11a61",
        "Infos": [
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"TABLE_NAME\",\"nullable\":true,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}",
            "{\"databaseType\":\"VARCHAR\",\"length\":0,\"name\":\"TABLE_COMMENT\",\"nullable\":true,\"precision\":0,\"scale\":0}"
        ],
        "Items": [
            "{\"TABLE_COMMENT\":\"用户表\",\"TABLE_NAME\":\"demo_users\"}"
        ],
        "RowsAffected": 0
    }
}

示例5 删除数据表

输入示例

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: tcb.tencentcloudapi.com
Content-Type: application/json
X-TC-Action: RunSql
<公共请求参数>

{
    "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
    "Sql": "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `demo_users`",
    "DbInstance": {
        "EnvId": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4",
        "InstanceId": "",
        "Schema": "lowcode-2gqvfid5936609f4"
    }
}

输出示例

{
    "Response": {
        "RequestId": "51272b35-b345-4164-b7ed-13c2d0e203c6",
        "Infos": [],
        "Items": [],
        "RowsAffected": 0
    }
}

5. 开发者资源

腾讯云 API 平台

腾讯云 API 平台 是综合 API 文档、错误码、API Explorer 及 SDK 等资源的统一查询平台,方便您从同一入口查询及使用腾讯云提供的所有 API 服务。

API Inspector

用户可通过 API Inspector 查看控制台每一步操作关联的 API 调用情况,并自动生成各语言版本的 API 代码,也可前往 API Explorer 进行在线调试。

SDK

云 API 3.0 提供了配套的开发工具集(SDK),支持多种编程语言,能更方便的调用 API。

命令行工具

6. 错误码

以下仅列出了接口业务逻辑相关的错误码,其他错误码详见 公共错误码

错误码 描述
FailedOperation.DatabaseConnectError 数据库建立链接失败。
FailedOperation.DatabaseExecSqlError 执行SQL出错。
FailedOperation.DatabaseSchemaError 数据库元信息异常。
FailedOperation.EmptyDatabaseEndpoint 数据库链接点为空。
FailedOperation.TdsqlPaused Instance is resuming, please try connecting again.
InternalError.SYS_ERR 系统内部异常。
InvalidParameter.INVALID_PARAM 请求参数错误。
ResourceNotFound.InstanceNotFound 数据库实例不存在。
ResourceNotFound.TableNotFound 表不存在。
UnsupportedOperation.TooManyTables 表数量超过限制。