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构建并部署 C#（.NET）应用

最近更新时间：2023-09-19 14:56:42

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本页目录：

步骤1：编写基础应用

1. 安装 .NET Core SDK 3.1。在 Console 中，使用 dotnet 命令新建一个空 Web 项目：
dotnet new web -o helloworld-csharp
cd helloworld-csharp
2. 更新 Program.cs 中的 CreateHostBuilder 定义，侦听 80 端口：
using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace helloworld_csharp
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }

        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args)
        {
            string port = "80";
            string url = String.Concat("http://0.0.0.0:", port);

            return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>().UseUrls(url);
                });
        }
    }
}
3. 将 Startup.cs 的内容更新为如下：
using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace helloworld_csharp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapGet("/", async context =>
                {
                    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!\\n");
                });
            });
        }
    }
}
说明
以上代码会创建一个基本的 Web 服务器，并监听 80 端口。

步骤2：将应用容器化

1. 在项目根目录下，创建一个名为 Dockerfile 的文件，内容如下：
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:6.0-alpine AS build
RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.tencent.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories
WORKDIR /source

# copy csproj and restore as distinct layers
COPY *.sln .
COPY aspnetapp/*.csproj ./aspnetapp/
RUN dotnet restore -r linux-musl-x64 /p:PublishReadyToRun=true

# copy everything else and build app
COPY aspnetapp/. ./aspnetapp/
WORKDIR /source/aspnetapp
RUN dotnet publish -c release -o /app -r linux-musl-x64 --self-contained true --no-restore /p:PublishTrimmed=true /p:PublishReadyToRun=true /p:PublishSingleFile=true

# final stage/image
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/runtime-deps:6.0-alpine-amd64

# 容器默认时区为UTC，如需使用上海时间请启用以下时区设置命令
# RUN apk add tzdata && cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo Asia/Shanghai > /etc/timezone

RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.tencent.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app ./

# See: https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/20
# Uncomment to enable globalization APIs (or delete)
# ENV \\
#     DOTNET_SYSTEM_GLOBALIZATION_INVARIANT=false \\
#     LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 \\
#     LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# RUN apk add --no-cache icu-libs

ENTRYPOINT ["./aspnetapp"]
2. 添加一个 .dockerignore 文件，以从容器映像中排除文件：
**/obj/
**/bin/

步骤3（可选）：本地构建镜像

1. 如果您本地已经安装了 Docker，可以运行以下命令，在本地构建 Docker 镜像：
docker build -t helloworld-csharp
2. 构建成功后，运行 docker images，可以看到构建出的镜像，随后您可以将此镜像上传至您的镜像仓库。
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID         CREATED            SIZE
helloworld-csharp   latest    1c8dfb88c823     8 seconds ago      105MB

步骤4：部署到云托管

详情请参见 部署服务 与 版本配置说明。
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