通过 Kibana 访问集群

最近更新时间：2023-09-26 10:27:31
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腾讯云 ES 包含 Kibana 模块，用户可以访问集群对应的 Kibana 页面，进行数据的可视化查询分析，以及数据的管理操作，您可以通过本教程开始 Kibana 的快速入门。
访问 Kibana 页面
入口
Kibana 页面有两个入口，分别位于集群列表页和集群详情页，详情如下图。单击对应的入口，会跳转到 Kibana 登录页面。
说明
默认情况下，Kibana 通过公网地址访问， 如果您担心通过公网访问 Kibana 会造成安全问题，我们也支持在集群详情页关闭 Kibana 公网地址，开启 Kibana 内网地址来进行访问。
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登录
Kibana 页面访问需要登录，账号为 elastic，密码为用户创建集群时设置的 Kibana 密码。如果忘记密码，可以在集群详情页重置密码。出于安全考虑，用户可以配置 Kibana 公网地址的访问黑白名单来提高安全防护，详见 Kibana 访问设置。
若“ES 集群用户登录认证”未开启，Kibana 登录页如下图所示：
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若“ES 集群用户登录认证”已开启，Kibana 登录页如下图所示：
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访问
登录 Kibana 页面后，如果用户是第一次使用，集群尚未存入用户自定义的索引数据，页面会提示用户配置索引，具体参考 索引添加及访问。
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索引添加及访问（存储数据）
在 Kibana 页面左侧菜单，单击 Dev Tools 进入开发工具页面，用户可以通过控制台，向集群发送各种操作请求。下面将通过城市信息的数据存储操作的示例，演示如何通过控制台操作集群和存储数据。
添加索引
定义索引的 mapping
索引名称为 china，以及详细的字段及类型信息。其中字段 location 的类型是 geo_point，可以表示地理位置信息；level 是对象类型，包含二级字段信息。关于字段类型说明，可查看官方文档 Field Datatypes。
7.0以下版本
PUT china
{
  "mappings": {
    "_doc": {
        "properties":{
          "name":{ "type": "keyword"  }, 
          "province":{ "type": "keyword"  }, 
          "location": {"type": "geo_point"},
          "x":{ "type": "integer" },
          "level":{
              "properties":{                
                  "level":{ "type": "integer" },
                  "range":{ "type": "integer" },
                  "name":{ "type": "keyword" }
              }
          },
          "y":{ "type": "integer" },
          "cityNo":{ "type": "integer" } 
        }
     }
  }
}
7.0及以上版本
PUT china
{
  "mappings": {
      "properties":{
        "name":{ "type": "keyword"  }, 
        "province":{ "type": "keyword"  }, 
        "location": {"type": "geo_point"},
        "x":{ "type": "integer" },
        "level":{
            "properties":{                
                "level":{ "type": "integer" },
                "range":{ "type": "integer" },
                "name":{ "type": "keyword" }
            }
        },
        "y":{ "type": "integer" },
        "cityNo":{ "type": "integer" } 
      }
  }
}
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重要：官方 Elasticsearch 7.0 及以上版本将移除映射中的 type 类型定义，之前版本会继续支持。如果在7.0及以上版本中使用了 type，会出现"type": "mapper_parsing_exception"的错误提示。详细信息及解决方案，请参见Removal of mapping types。
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7.0以下版本
添加单个文档
PUT china/city/wuhan 
{"name":"武汉市","province":"湖北省江岸区沿江大道188号","location":{"lat":30.5952548577,"lon":114.2999398195},"x":6384,"level":{"level":2,"range":19,"name":"新一线城市"},"y":4231,"cityNo":7}
查询单个文档
GET /china/city/wuhan
添加多个文档
POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_type" : "city", "_id" : "beijing" } }
{"name":"北京市","province":"北京市","location":{"lat":39.9031324643,"lon":116.4010433787},"x":6763,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":6381,"cityNo":1}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_type" : "city", "_id" : "shanghai" } }
{"name":"上海市","province":"上海市","location":{"lat":31.2319526784,"lon":121.469443249},"x":7779,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":4409,"cityNo":2}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_type" : "city", "_id" : "guangzhou" } }
{"name":"广州市","province":"广东省越秀区吉祥路79号","location":{"lat":23.1317146641,"lon":113.2595185241},"x":6173,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":2560,"cityNo":3}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_type" : "city", "_id" : "shenzhen" } }
{"name":"深圳市","province":"广东省福田区新园路37号","location":{"lat":22.5455465546,"lon":114.0527779134},"x":6336,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":2429,"cityNo":4}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_type" : "city", "_id" : "chengdu" } }
{"name":"成都市","province":"四川省锦江区红星路4段-88号-附1号","location":{"lat":30.6522796787,"lon":104.0725574128},"x":4387,"level":{"level":2,"range":19,"name":"新一线城市"},"y":4304,"cityNo":5}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_type" : "city", "_id" : "hangzhou" } }
{"name":"杭州市","province":"浙江省拱墅区环城北路316号","location":{"lat":30.2753694112,"lon":120.1509063337},"x":7530,"level":{"level":2,"range":19,"name":"新一线城市"},"y":4182,"cityNo":6}
查询多个文档
GET /china/city/_search
7.0及以上版本
添加单个文档
PUT china/_doc/wuhan 
{"name":"武汉市","province":"湖北省江岸区沿江大道188号","location":{"lat":30.5952548577,"lon":114.2999398195},"x":6384,"level":{"level":2,"range":19,"name":"新一线城市"},"y":4231,"cityNo":7}
查询单个文档
GET /china/_doc/wuhan
添加多个文档
POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_id" : "beijing" } }
{"name":"北京市","province":"北京市","location":{"lat":39.9031324643,"lon":116.4010433787},"x":6763,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":6381,"cityNo":1}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_id" : "shanghai" } }
{"name":"上海市","province":"上海市","location":{"lat":31.2319526784,"lon":121.469443249},"x":7779,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":4409,"cityNo":2}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_id" : "guangzhou" } }
{"name":"广州市","province":"广东省越秀区吉祥路79号","location":{"lat":23.1317146641,"lon":113.2595185241},"x":6173,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":2560,"cityNo":3}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_id" : "shenzhen" } }
{"name":"深圳市","province":"广东省福田区新园路37号","location":{"lat":22.5455465546,"lon":114.0527779134},"x":6336,"level":{"range":4,"level":1,"name":"一线城市"},"y":2429,"cityNo":4}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_id" : "chengdu" } }
{"name":"成都市","province":"四川省锦江区红星路4段-88号-附1号","location":{"lat":30.6522796787,"lon":104.0725574128},"x":4387,"level":{"level":2,"range":19,"name":"新一线城市"},"y":4304,"cityNo":5}
{ "index" : { "_index": "china", "_id" : "hangzhou" } }
{"name":"杭州市","province":"浙江省拱墅区环城北路316号","location":{"lat":30.2753694112,"lon":120.1509063337},"x":7530,"level":{"level":2,"range":19,"name":"新一线城市"},"y":4182,"cityNo":6}
查询多个文档
GET /china/_search
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访问索引
配置 Kibana 访问索引
为了使用 Kibana，需要配置至少一个可以匹配到的索引。输入上文创建的索引 china，单击 Next step 进入下一步。
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配置时间过滤字段用于通过时间过滤索引中的数据，如果索引中没有表示时间的字段，可以选择不使用时间过滤功能。单击 Create index pattern 创建索引模式。
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查看索引对应的字段。
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单击左侧菜单 Discover，查看该索引下已经添加的文档。
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可视化查询分析
Kibana 拥有可视化统计分析数据的能力，单击左侧菜单 Visualize， 可以配置各种可视化的图表进行数据的分析。例如，要统计上文中，china 索引下的不同等级。
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配置指标是 count，按字段 level.level 进行分组聚合统计，单击 Save 保存。
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Kibana 其他使用方式，可查阅 Kibana 官方文档。